<p>Newtown Bay is a bay on the northwestern coast of the Isle of Wight, England in the western arm of the Solent. It is a subtle bay located around the exit of the Newtown River. It stretches about 4 km from Hamstead Point in the west to Salt Mead Ledge to the east. It is a remote place as there are few properties along this part of the coast, it being low-lying marshland and home to countless sea birds. The shore is a narrow band of gravel, while the sea bottom is mostly mud or sand.</p><br>
<p>To the east of the river entrance, sticking out into the bay, is a sand spit and further east another sailing hazard called Salt Mead Ledge both of these are only uncovered at low water. From here to Great Thorness to the east and Porchfield to the south, the land is used by the military and is marked on maps as a Danger Area. For this reason the Isle of Wight coastal path skirts this area.</p><br>
<p>A small peninsula into the bay holds Corf county campsite, itself an SSSI.</p><br>
<p>The National Trust owns much of the land and landing at Fishhouse point is not allowed during the nesting season, April to June.</p><br>
<p>St Boniface Down is a chalk down on the Isle of Wight, England. It is located close to the town of Ventnor, in the southeast of the Island, and rises to 241 m, the Island&#39;s highest point, 1 km north of the town. There is reputed to be a wishing well on its southern slope, which requires the wisher to climb up from the south without looking back.</p><br>
<p>In 1545 a French invasion force attempted this against a force of the Isle of Wight Militia commanded by Sir John Fyssher- which allegedly included several women archers- and were routed.</p><br>
<p>In 1940 the radar station was bombed by Ju-87 Stuka dive bombers, which is reconstructed in the film "The Battle of Britain". The top is surmounted by a round barrow.</p><br>
<p>At the eastern foot of the down, on the A3055 road between Bonchurch and Luccombe, a path descends into Bonchurch Landslips via a scenic rock cleft, the Devil&#39;s Chimney.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>St Boniface Down is home to the largest cricket within the British Isles, the great green bush cricket.</p><br>
<p>The area includes some unusual plant communities including acid grassland and heathland, resulting in parts of the Down being designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The gravel capping supports extensive tracts of gorse Ulex europaeus with intervening areas of heathland and acid grassland dominated by heather Calluna vulgaris, bell heather Erica cinerea,</p><br>
<p>purple moor-grass Molinia caerulea, bristle bent Agrostis curtisii and locally bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus. The occurrence of heathland on deep gravel overlying chalk, the naturalised holm oak woodland and the juxtaposition of heath and chalkland vegetation are all unusual biological features in Britain.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural references</h2><br>
<p>St Boniface Down is also the name and was the inspiration of a 1956 work by the English composer, Trevor Duncan.</p><br>
<p>Sheridan Lake, a reservoir, is located on Spring Creek in Pennington County, South Dakota. Built over the site of Sheridan, the first county seat, it is owned and operated by the United States Forest Service and is one of the recreational areas of the Black Hills National Forest.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Sheridan Dam was built in 1939 as an earthen structure, 134 feet tall with a length of 850 feet at its crest. The maximum capacity of the reservoir is 22,043 acre-feet, and the normal storage is 13,395 acre-feet.</p><br>
<p>Facilities include a marina, improved swimming beach, campground and group campground on the North Shore; campgrounds and swimming beach on the South Shore; and various picnic and overlook areas. The dam across Spring Creek is very small and accessible only on foot. Lake water levels remain constant since the lake is not used for flood control or irrigation.</p><br>
<p>Sheridan Lake is accessible via USA Route 385 north from Hill City, South Dakota and Three Forks or south from Lead and Deadwood, or through a scenic route via Sheridan Lake Drive, a paved county highway, from Rapid City.</p><br>
<p>McPhee Reservoir is located in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. It was constructed and is operated by the United States Bureau of Reclamation as part of the Dolores Project, and dams the Dolores River to furnish irrigation water for Montezuma and Dolores counties and the Ute Mountain Indian Reservation.</p><br>
<p>McPhee Reservoir is named for McPhee, Colorado, a company town founded by the New Mexico Lumber Company, that is now submerged under the reservoir. In 1927, the McPhee sawmill produced over half of Colorado&#39;s lumber. The town housed up to 1,500 employees. The sawmill closed in 1946.</p><br>
<p>The lake itself may be accessed from near Dolores, Colorado, by SH 145 and SH 184, and offers various boat-launching facilities, picnic areas, and campgrounds in the McPhee Recreation Area operated by the USA Forest Service. The lake fills the lower end of the Dolores Valley, with the dam completed in 1985 across Dolores Canyon.</p><br>
<p>The Shulaps Range is a subrange of the Chilcotin Ranges subset of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in southwest-central British Columbia. The range is 55 km NW–SE and 15 km SW–NE and 2,970 km²  in area.</p><br>
<p>The range is fairly high in elevation, with dryland-type summits with some very small icefields. Its highest summits are Shulaps Peak 2880 m (9449 ft) and Big Dog Mountain 2,862 m (9,390 ft). Another prominent summit is Rex Peak 2684 m (8806 ft), a conical mass dominating the southern end of the range, which is delimited by the buttress-wall of the Bridge River Canyon.</p><br>
<h2>Terrain and location</h2><br>
<p>The Shulaps&#39; northeast flank is a series of high basins. Many contain alpine lakes and which allow for road access to high up in various parts of the range. There is an active gold claim on the south flank of Big Dog Mountain in the basin of Blue Creek in the northwestern part of the range and, at the far southeast end high in the basin of Hell Creek, there was once a working jade mine.</p><br>
<p>Its southeast edge is the west rim of the Big Canyon of the Bridge River, just below which (to the NE) is the confluence of the Bridge and Yalakom Rivers, which is the range&#39;s northeastern boundary. West across Tyaughton Creek and upper Churn Creek is the South Chilcotin which is not part of the Chilcotin, but of the Bridge River Country (see Spruce Lake Protected Area (a.k.a. the "South Chilcotin") and Big Creek Provincial Park). To the east, across the Yalakom, is the Camelsfoot Range, to the south the Bendor. Southeast is the town of Lillooet, near the southern tip of the Camelsfoot.</p><br>
<p>The best view of the Shulaps Range to be had, other than from one of the neighbouring ranges, is from the former site of Minto City at the confluence of Gun Creek and the Bridge River (now Carpenter Lake Reservoir). From there, and along the upper end of Carpenter Lake, the range&#39;s west face is a familiar sight to travellers on BC Hwy 40 from Bralorne and Gold Bridge to Lillooet.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of name</h2><br>
<p>The Shulaps name is an anglicized version of the St̓át̓imcets word for the ram of the mountain sheep. The Yalakom River is similarly named for ̓the ewe. This was once extremely rich big game country, and the names suggest the good hunting in this range (the Yalakom valley and the Shulaps Range were shared hunting territory between the Státimc and the Tsilhqot&#39;in).</p><br>
<p>Nakadōri Island is an island in the Gotō Islands, Japanese islands in the East China Sea, off the western coast of Kyūshū. The islands are a part of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is roughly the same shape as a left hand held with the thumb and index finger extended. Thus, it is relatively long, narrow, and very mountainous. The roads are quite narrow and very curvy.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island has been subject to two distinct periods of prosperity. These were the era of active trade with China until the 13th century and a more recent whaling boom that lasted until about fifty years ago. Both of these periods made this small rural area quite famous throughout Japan. The island has many interesting artifacts from both of these periods.</p><br>
<p>In August 2004, the five towns: Kamigotō, Shin-Uonome, Arikawa, Narao, Wakamatsu merged into a new town, appropriately named Shin-Kamigotō (shin means "new").</p><br>
<p>Navy Hall is a wooden structure encased within a stone structure that was the site of Upper Canadas  first provincial parliament, from 1792–1796. It is a unit of Fort George National Historic Site located in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, then known as Newark, Upper Canada. It sits on Ricardo Street near the shore of the Niagara River, near Fort George, and across the river from Fort Niagara.</p><br>
<p>The original Navy Hall was built as naval establishment in 1765 by Royal Naval Commanders. It consisted of a small shipyard, docks, stores and residences, and was a local supply depot, as well as a trans-shipment point for posts on the upper Great Lakes. During the American Revolution, the Provincial Marine wintered at this complex. In 1792, John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, converted one of the buildings into his residence and office.</p><br>
<p>The first parliament in Upper Canada met in a tent in 1792 near this site. The first session to sit in Navy Hall was on September 17, 1792. The next year, Simcoe decided to move the capital to York, Upper Canada (now Toronto), a site less vulnerable to attack from the United States. While the first purpose-built Parliament Buildings were being constructed there, Newark continued to serve as the seat of government until 1796. After Parliament left, the building was used as a dining hall by officers from nearby Fort George. Destroyed by USA artillery fire in the War of 1812, some of the forts buildings were re-built by the British, and todays Navy Hall is the only one remaining of that reconstruction.</p><br>
<p>Originally a wooden storehouse, it was built shortly after the War of 1812, and became a barracks for British troops in 1838, during the Rebellion of 1837-38. It served as a medical commissary during World War I for Canadian troops at what became Camp Niagara, a site preparing soldiers for overseas service. During the 1930s, it was moved to its present site by the Niagara Parks Commission and encased in stone.</p><br>
<p>The current building is managed by Parks Canada as part of Fort George, one of several national historic sites in the region which fall under the administrative umbrella Niagara National Historic Sites. Navy Hall is rented for private functions, but generally closed to the public due to staffing shortages. It houses artifacts from its more than 200 years of history. Located across the street from Fort George, it invites visitors to read outdoor interpretive displays, view the Simcoe Memorial monument, and enjoy the tranquility of its parkland views of the Niagara River and Fort Niagara in New York. Parking is available at the site, convenient for visitors or those embarking on a steamboat excursion, which departs from a nearby dock.</p><br>
<p>Ofotfjord  or Narvik Fjord is a fjord in Nordland county, Norway. It is an inlet of the Norwegian Sea, located about 200 km north of the Arctic Circle. The 78 km long Ofotfjorden is Norway&#39;s 12th longest fjord and it is also the 18th deepest, with a maximum depth of 553 m. In the English language and in many historical documents, this fjord is often called the "Narvik Fjord", since the town of Narvik is located on the inner shores of the fjord.</p><br>
<p>The fjord is surrounded by mountains, some reaching 1,500 m, and even 1,700 m in Skjomen, where the Frostisen glacier can be seen. The only larger lowland area is on parts of the northern shore, around Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes, although there are smaller areas near the fjord and in narrow valleys (for instance, the Narvik peninsula, where the harbour and city centre of Narvik is located).</p><br>
<p>The mountains are covered by forest below elevations of 500 m, birch being the most common tree, but pine and aspen are also common. The bedrock around the fjord consist of both hard minerals like gneiss and granite as well as softer minerals rich in lime; there is a dolomite quarry in Ballangen ().</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The surrounding Ofoten district is named after the Ofotfjord (Old Norse: Ófóti). The meaning of the first element is unknown and the last element is derived from the Old Norse word fótr which means "foot". The oldest form of the name could have been Úffóti. In this case, the first element is úfr which means "Eurasian eagle-owl". The three inner branches of the Ofotfjord might have been compared with the three claws of an owl.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Ofotfjord is the longest fjord in Nordland county and the fourth longest in Northern Norway. The municipalities of Tjeldsund and Evenes are located on the northern shore, Narvik is located on the eastern, innermost part of the fjord, and on the southern shore is Ballangen municipality. Lødingen (and beyond that Lofoten) and the large Vestfjord is located west-south-west of the Ofotfjord.</p><br>
<p>Several smaller fjord branches extend from the main fjord. From north-west, going clockwise, these are: Ramsund (which is actually a narrow sound connecting with the larger Tjeldsundet), Bogen (a fairly wide bay), Herjangen (the widest of these branches), Rombaken (which is crossed by the E6 highway using the Rombak Bridge), Beisfjord (crossed by the E6 highway using the Beisfjord Bridge), Skjomen (the longest of these fjord branches, crossed by the E6 highway using the Skjomen Bridge) and finally Ballangen. At the mouth of Ofotfjord, on the southern side, is another fjord, the narrow Efjorden, which extends southeast (crossed by the E6 highway using the Efjord Bridges).</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>The Ofotfjord has a rich marine life, with huge quantities of herring staying in the fjord in the winter. These fish attract a lot of whales (orca). Divers have occasionally observed lobsters in the fjord, the northernmost sightings of lobsters in the world. Cod, as well as coalfish, are the most common fish species throughout the year. Mackerel is common from July to mid-September. Sea eagles and otters have made a strong comeback and are now very common in and around the fjord. Sea gulls are common all year, and many migratory birds arrive in summer, such as oystercatchers and grey herons.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Naval battleground</h3><br>
<p>In the Battles of Narvik in World War II, the Ofotfjord was the scene for several naval battles, and many ships are resting at the bottom, especially in the vicinity of Narvik harbour. These are very popular among divers. However, some of these ship wrecks are declared war graves and are thus protected by law. The German destroyer Georg Thiele was scuttled and is still visible from around the railway between Straumsnes and Rombak railway station.</p><br>
<p>Anderson Hall is the central administration building for Kansas State University in the city of Manhattan, Kansas, United States. It was originally called the Practical Agriculture Building when the north wing was completed in 1879. It was renamed "Anderson Hall" in 1902 in honor of John Alexander Anderson, the second president of Kansas State Agricultural College .</p><br>
<p>Over time, this building has housed a diverse set of facilities, including a canteen, a barbershop, and a chapel. An electronic carillon was installed in 1965 to sound the hours.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in three phases starting with the north wing, followed by the central section, and finished with the south wing. The construction was first financed by the state in 1877 with construction starting in 1878. The final wing was finished in 1884. The building&#39;s purpose has changed much over the years and it has been altered many times in its history.</p><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>The construction of Anderson Hall began in 1877 with an appropriation of $12,500 by the Kansas legislature for its north wing. Excavation begin in March 1878 and the building was initially occupied a year later in 1879. The building initially housed classrooms for English, drawing, mathematics, and practical agriculture. It also housed the president&#39;s office, and the library from 1879 until 1894.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, the Kansas legislature made a new appropriation of $30,000 to build the central structure including the tower. The north wing of the building was also retrofitted at this time to make this building the first on campus to be equipped with steam heating. A time capsule was also embedded in the new foundation, which included some campus records, commencement speech transcripts, some copies of the school newspaper (The Industrialist), and other documents. A story in the newspaper in the June 4, 1981 issue stated, "incased in solid masonry, it will remain until resurrected by some curious antiquary, a thousand years hence."</p><br>
<p>The new central section contained a new office for the president, a fire-proof vault (under which the time capsule was buried), the main hall, and in the back (west) of the central section was the chapel. The main hall featured a large dome-like stained glass window at the top. The chapel had a sloped floor with 16-tiers of wooden folding chairs.</p><br>
<p>The south wing began construction in 1883 with an appropriation of $20,000 by the state legislature. It was completed in 1884. Two east facing porches were also added to the front of the building between the central section and the ends of the north and south wings at this time. The new wing featured a model kitchen and dairy, a sewing room, the Lady Superintendent&#39;s office, study rooms, and classrooms.</p><br>
<h3>Remodeling</h3><br>
<p>Here is a timeline illustrating modifications that have been made to Anderson Hall since its initial construction.</p><br>
<p>1887 - The chapel was extended and the attic of the building was finished.</p><br>
<p>1892 - The archway was opened from the secretary&#39;s office to the main hall.</p><br>
<p>1893 - A hall well on the second floor was closed.</p><br>
<p>1896 - A cement floor was added to the basement hall.</p><br>
<p>1897 - The president&#39;s office was moved to the south side of the main hall.</p><br>
<p>1903 - The porches were rebuilt and painted.</p><br>
<p>1904 - The literary society room was converted into four offices.</p><br>
<p>1908 - The chapel was split to make room for more architecture classrooms.</p><br>
<p>1919 - A canteen and barbershop were installed into the basement.</p><br>
<p>1920 - The chapel was turned into a recreation center.</p><br>
<p>1924 - The canteen and barbershop closed.</p><br>
<p>1933 - The east wall of the building was repaired from moisture damage caused by vines.</p><br>
<p>1939 - An office for the dean of women was added.</p><br>
<p>1945 - The wooden porches were converted into office space.</p><br>
<p>1961 - The east wall of the south wing was reinforced with steel pipes for a time and then removed when the wall was rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>1965 - An electric 98-bell carillon was installed in the tower as a gift from Mr. and Mrs. Ralf Hockins of Arrington, Kansas.</p><br>
<p>1989 - The central tower of Anderson was repaired.</p><br>
<p>1993 - On August 20, the tower was struck by lightning causing $1.25 million in damage to the building.</p><br>
<h2>Current uses</h2><br>
<p>This building now contains many of the administrative offices for Kansas State University. This includes the office of the president, some of the vice presidents and deans, the provost&#39;s office, and several offices related to legal, public relations, human resources, and student administration.</p><br>
<p>The Dickson Range is a subrange of the Chilcotin Ranges subset of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in southwest-central British Columbia. It is located just west of the town of Gold Bridge between the valley of Slim Creek to the north  and Downton Lake Reservoir to the south. At its eastern foot is Gun Lake; its western limit is at a pass between Slim Creek and Nichols Creek  near the pass which separates the Bridge River basin from that of the Lord River, which feeds the Taseko Lakes.</p><br>
<p>The range is approximately 3,500 km² (1350 sq mi) in area and about 35 km in length. Its highest Peak, Dickson Peak (a.k.a. Mount Dickson), is 2809 m (9216 ft), is a stunning pyramidal peak towards the eastern end of the range, overlooking the middle Bridge River Valley to the east and also visible on the canyon road between Gold Bridge and Bralorne. The drop from Dicksons summit to Downton Lake is c.2075m (6775) in only 5 km (3.1 mi).</p><br>
<p>Just southeast of Dickson Peak is Mount Penrose 2634 m (8642 ft), which a cockscomb-like summit which stands immediately above Gun Lake and its resort community. Penrose was named for Republican Senator Boies Penrose (November 1, 1860 – December 31, 1921) who climbed it in the 1920s while hunting with famed local big-game outfitter W.G. (Bill) Manson. Penrose was an avid outdoorsman and another mountain in the Flathead area of Montana also bears his name.</p><br>
<p>Penrose is the best-known summit in the Dickson after Dickson Peak, but farther east along the range are Scherle Peak 2677 m (8783 ft) and Tillworth Mountain 2631 m (8632 ft). A peak named Sorcerer 2602 m (8537 ft) occupies a separate ridge on the northwest end of the range, adjacent to the Leckie Range just north across Slim Creek.</p><br>
<p>To the north and northeast of the Dickson Range is the Spruce Lake Protected Area a.k.a. the "South Chilcotin", while to the northwest is Ts&#39;il?os Provincial Park.</p><br>
<p>Mount Queen Bess is one of the principal summits of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains of southern British Columbia. It stands west of Chilko Lake and to the south of Tatlayoko Lake, and crowns a peak-studded ridge to the north of the Homathko Icefield.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is named for Queen Elizabeth I of England. Relatively nearby is Mount Raleigh, named for Sir Walter Raleigh. Other peaks in the vicinity of Queen Bess bear similar Elizabethan-related names: Pembroke, Silver Swan, Oriana, Armada, Grenville, Burghley, Howard, Walsingham, Cambridge, Cloister, Saint John, Galleon, and Monmouth. Between Queen Bess and Chilko Lake is Mount Good Hope, and northwest across the Homathko is the Waddington Range, site of the highest peak in the Coast Mountains, and the highest entirely within British Columbia, Mount Waddington.</p><br>
<p>Fuga Moro Island is an island in the municipality of Aparri, Cagayan. With an area of 100 km&sup2, it constitutes one of 42 barangays of Aparri along with the neighbouring islets of Barit  and Mabag .</p><br>
<p>Though under the jurisdiction of mainland Aparri, it is part of the Babuyan Archipelago, the second-northernmost island group of the Philippines. The highest peak is Mount Nanguringan in the northeast, with an elevation of.</p><br>
<p>According to the 2000 population census, it has 1,786 people in 312 households. The principal settlement is Naguilian (Musa) village on the southern coast.</p><br>
<p>The island still retains a traditional culture, a manifestation of which is the annual construction of a small straw imitation boat that is floated out to sea. The tradition began in 1656 when the island was almost invaded by British ships, prompting islanders to make a similar replica of a boat, thus preventing the island&#39;s annexation by Great Britain.</p><br>
<p>Presently, Fuga Island is owned by Fuga Island Holdings. It was formerly owned by the Dominican Order under the encomienda system during the Spanish period eventually returned to the Filipinos after the signing of The Treaty of Paris. Former owners were Sycip Family, Alfonso Lim, Tan Yu and now Fuga Island Holdings of the Serafica Family. The first land title was issued in 1908 under Original Certificate Title number two (2). The government of the Philippines, in recognition of the development of this private land declared by national legislation that Fuga Island and its surrounding mainland port facilities be designated an economic zone as part of the Cagayan Special Economic Zone (CEZA) and Freeport under Republic Act No. 7922.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>From January 31, 1978 to February 22, 1978, Bryan E. Snow and Richard Shutler, Jr. conducting an archaeological excavation on Fuga Moro Island. Only earthenware, pottery, porcelains, and stoneware were found during the excavation. Problems also occurred during the excavation, ranging from signs of recent disturbances to sites being insufficient organic material quantity for dating processes.</p><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>The island&#39;s stratigraphy is composed of a 20 m thick layer of volcanic breccia on top of a layer of volcanic rock fragments and feldspar. The lower layer has a 10-centimeter-thick baked zone present on top of it. The weathering of the volcanic breccia has caused the upper 2 m of this layer to form red-brown clay-rich soil. Land-forms such as cliffs and wave-cut platforms can be seen all around the island due to the hardened volcanic breccia. Separated from the beach ridge by coconut palms, a grassy area is found in the interior of the island.</p><br>
<p>There were two archaeological sites that were tested. Designated as Site 1 (78-MI-1) and Site 2 (78-MI-2). Site 1 was in a backshore area leading to sea cliffs. It is located in a topographically low area which allowed it to be deposited by sediments from nearby slopes. Site 2 is located at a beach ridge, specifically its crest, 18 meters inland from the shore-face.</p><br>
<h3>Surveying and fieldwork</h3><br>
<p>Initial surveying was conducted around Palaui Island, a larger northerly island and around San Vicente on mainland Luzon. Both areas were designated with 3 and 2 sites respectively.</p><br>
<p>Site 1 consisted of ten 2mx2m square units with each square subdivided into four 1mx1m sub-units, each sub-unit labeled according to cardinal directions. Square 2NW (2 - North West) and 4NW were excavated to 10 cm and 20 cm depth. Recovered from these squares where two dozen red chert flakes, and two stoneware sherds. The subsurface was found to be completely sterile and excavation was stopped.</p><br>
<p>Site 2 was in the land owned by an elderly man and his wife. Ceramic shards were scattered over and area of around 0.5 acre. Three test trenches were laid named TT-1, TT-2, & TT-3, all containing squares with size 1mx1m. Test Trench 1 contained seven squares labelled as 1SW-7SW. Excavation was halted after a depth of 100 cm below surface due to area being sterile in any cultural materials. Test Trench 2 consisted of eight squares labelled 1-8. Test Trench 3 consisted of four squares labelled 1–4. All were excavated to a depth of 110 cm.</p><br>
<p>Site disturbances were cause by three main factors according to the excavators.</p><br>
<p>Bioturbation caused by crab burrowing</p><br>
<p>Surface disturbance due to present residences</p><br>
<p>Past surface disturbance as seen in strata in different units in TT-2 being unaligned.</p><br>
<p>The overall excavation recovered 1036 artifacts. The bulk of these recoveries were earthenware sherds, porcelain, and stoneware. Faunal remains were also found in TT-1 and TT-3. None were found in TT-2. Also in TT-1, 2 turtle carapaces were recovered and 9 small unanalyzable bone fragments. Dating on the carapaces were unsuccessful due to its water-worn and fragile state. Collagen samples could not be extracted from them. Twenty bone fragments were found in TT-3. Only two bones were classified as a pig tooth and a deer metapodial fragment. The remaining bones were classified as being part of a medium-sized mammal. Also in TT-3, 72 shell fragments were also found.</p><br>
<p>Officially Good Hope Mountain but commonly known as Mount Good Hope, this is one of the principal summits of the Pacific Ranges of the southern Coast Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. It stands immediately west of Chilko Lake, with the highest peak on the massif rising between that lake&#39;s southern arms.</p><br>
<p>West of Mount Good Hope is the upper valley of the Southgate River, which drains to Bute Inlet near the mouth of the Homathko River; across the Southgate to the west is the Homathko Icefield, one of the largest icemasses in the Coast Mountains. To Good Hope&#39;s south is the Bishop River, a tributary of the Southgate River, beyond which is Mount Raleigh. West of the pass between the Southgate River and Chilko Lake, and north of the Homathko Icefield, is a ridge crowned by Mount Queen Bess.</p><br>
<p>Its name is not directly from the Cape of Good Hope but rather from a ship named for it, the armoured cruiser HMS Good Hope which sank off the coast of Chile in the Battle of Coronel, November 1, 1914. Other summits within the same massif also carry ship names from World War I, such as Glasgow and Dawn Treader.</p><br>
<p>Mount Raleigh, elevation 3,132 m, is one of the principal summits of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains of southern British Columbia in Canada. It is located just southeast of the confluence of the Southgate and Bishop Rivers, northeast of the head of Bute Inlet, and is the highest summit south of the Bishop Rivers divide with the Lillooet River at Ring Pass, which is at the southeastern edge of the Lillooet Icefield and just north of the Pemberton Icecap. It is also the highest peak south of the pass between the upper basins of Chilko Lake and the Taseko Lakes, just north of which is Monmouth Mountain at 3,182 m .</p><br>
<h2>Name origin</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is named for Sir Walter Raleigh, and is one of several Elizabethan-themed summits in the area of the Southgate River, the highest of which is 3,298 m and, suitably, Mount Queen Bess named after Elizabeth I of England. Immediately south of Mount Raleigh in the same massif is Mount Gilbert, named for Raleighs step-brother Sir Humphrey Gilbert. A bit farther south and slightly west is Tavistock Mountain, named for Raleighs birthplace in Devon.</p><br>
<p>Many of these names were conferred in the 1930s by R.P. Bishop, namesake of the Bishop River. His namings, or those connected with him, include Mount Raleigh and Mount Sir Francis Drake, but others such as Mount Sussex, Oriana Peak and Madrigal Mountain were named by nomination of the Alpine Club of Canada in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>Fannette Island is the only island in Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada, United States. It lies within Emerald Bay, on the California side of the lake. Over a long period of time, it was called many different names, including Coquette, Fanette, Baranoff, Dead Mans, Hermits, and Emerald Isle. The ruins of a small stone building, the "Tea House", constructed by Mrs. Lora Josephine Knight, the owner of Vikingsholm, stand on the granite islet. Fannette Island, along with Vikingsholm and Emerald Bay, is a part of Emerald Bay State Park. It is accessible by boat, canoe, or kayak. Swimming to the island is not allowed, due to hazards including extremely cold waters and boat traffic in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Captain Dick Barter, the Hermit of Emerald Bay</h2><br>
<p>Fannette Island was the home of Captain Dick "Them&#39;s my toes" Barter from 1863 to 1873. The eccentric captain had moved from England and built his own tomb and chapel on the island. He enjoyed sailing and earned his nickname from his penchant of showing his self-amputated toes to guests. Ironically, he was never interred in the chapel he built, as he was lost in a storm off Rubicon Point in 1873.</p><br>
<p>Mount Munday is one of the principal summits of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. It is 3,356 m in elevation and stands in the Waddington Range six kilometres southeast of Mount Waddington 4,019 m, which is the highest summit in the Coast Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The peak was named in honour of pioneering climbers Don and Phyllis Munday who first climbed it explored and charted much of the southern Coast Mountains, including much of western Garibaldi Provincial Park near Whistler but also many remote peaks lesser-known than those near the resort. The Mundays were the discoverers of Mount Waddington, formerly dubbed by them Mystery Mountain; they originally spotted it from Mount Arrowsmith on Vancouver Island but explored the Waddington Range in the hope of locating and measuring it, although someone else performed its first ascent.</p><br>
<p>Monmouth Mountain, commonly known as Mount Monmouth is one of the principal summits of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains of southern British Columbia. At 3,182 m, it is the highest summit of the Chilcotin Ranges. It stands just north of the Lillooet Icecap between the heads of Chilko Lake and the Taseko Lakes. West of Chilko Lake&#39;s south arm is Mount Good Hope 3,242 m and, beyond it, the massif surrounding Mount Queen Bess 3,298 m, which is the highest summit east of the Homathko River.</p><br>
<p>The namesake of this peak was HMS Monmouth, an aging British battleship which was sunk at the Battle of Coronel in 1914 along with HMS Good Hope (for which Good Hope Mountain is named) off the coast of South America by German cruisers under Admiral Von Spee.</p><br>
<p>Mount Tatlow is one of the principal summits of the Chilcotin Ranges subdivision of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains of southern British Columbia. Standing on an isolated ridge between the lower end of Chilko Lake and the Taseko Lakes, it is 3,063 m in elevation.</p><br>
<p>Southeast across the Taseko Lakes is Taseko Mountain 3,063 m, the highest summit between those lakes and the Fraser River, while directly south beyond Yohetta Valley (a deep valley which connects the relative lowlands around Chilko and Taseko Lakes is the massif containing Monmouth Mountain 3,182 m. Southwest across Chilko Lake is Mount Good Hope 3,242 m and due west, also across Chilko Lake, is Mount Queen Bess 3,298 m, the highest peak east of the Homathko River before the Waddington Range massif, which is at the core of the range and contains Mount Waddington 4,016 m.</p><br>
<p>Tatlow is known as Tsilo?s (sigh-loss, the ? represents a glottal stop) in the language of the Tsilhqotin people whose territory is in the area of the lakes and the plateau to their north, and has given its name to Tsil?os Provincial Park which encompasses this area. Native tradition holds that it is unlucky to point at Tsilo?s, or to mention its name in casual speech; adverse weather and worse may result. The Xeni Gwet&#39;in people, who reside in Nemaia Valley near Mt Tatlow, request that NO climbing of it and its neighbouring summits take place, and BC Parks imposes those rules in its land-use guidelines on the area.</p><br>
<p>Mount Tiedemann 3838m , prominence 848m, is one of the principal summits of the Pacific Ranges subdivision of the Coast Mountains of British Columbia. It is located 3 km northeast of Mount Waddington in the Waddington Range massif between the Homathko and Klinaklini Rivers.</p><br>
<h2>Name origin</h2><br>
<p>Mount Tiedemann is named for Herman Otto Tiedemann, who worked for the colonial government under Surveyor-General Joseph Pemberton, designing and supervising construction of Victoria, British Columbia&#39;s "Birdcages", the original legislature buildings there, the former courthouse (now the Maritime Museum), the Fisgard Lighthouse and other buildings and churches, all while conducting surveys of the British Columbia and Alaska coast. He was responsible for first bringing water from Elk Lake to the city as a water supply.</p><br>
<p>In 1862, he had accompanied Alfred Waddington on preliminary surveys for the proposed wagon road to the Cariboo goldfields via Bute Inlet and the Homathko River, the demise of which project came with the opening events of the Chilcotin War of 1864. Tiedmann Creek, which flows from the Tiedemann Glacier eastwards to the Homathko, was so-named by himself because he had fallen into it and nearly died.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>The first ascent was in 1939 by Sterling Hendricks, Hans Fuhrer, E.R. Gibson, Henry S. Hall via the Chaos Glacier to the North Aréte.</p><br>
<p>Mount Chōkai is an active volcano located on the southern border of Akita and Yamagata in the Tohoku region of Japan, and is 2,236 m tall. Because of its  symmetrical shape and massive size, it is also known as Dewa no Fuji  or by Akita natives as Akita Fuji. Mount Chōkai is regarded as sacred by followers of the Shugendō branch of Shinto and is popular with hikers.</p><br>
<h2>Outline</h2><br>
<p>Chōkai is shared by the Akita and Yamagata prefectures, although the peak rests on the Yamagatan side of the border. In addition to being one of the 100 famous landscapes of Japan, it is also included as one of the 100 famous mountains in Japan, and famous 100 geographical features of Japan. It is surrounded by Chōkai Quasi-National Park.</p><br>
<p>Chōkai is the second tallest mountain in Tohoku after Mount Hiuchigatake in Fukushima Prefecture. Although Hiuchigatake in the south is technically the taller mountain, it lies on the border of Kanto Region in Gunma, and as such, Chōkai is thought by many to be the tallest true Tohoku mountain.</p><br>
<p>Chōkai also has certain alpine plant species that can only be found on her slopes. The most common of these is the Chōkai Thistle (チョウカイアザミ).</p><br>
<p>Three ships have been named after Mount Chōkai: Chōkai, an early steam gunboat, and the cruiser Chōkai (sunk in 1944), which were both in the Japanese Imperial Navy, and the JDS Chōkai, a Kongō class guided missile destroyer currently in service in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.</p><br>
<p>Ridge of the Mt. Chokai.jpgRidge of the Mt. Chokai</p><br>
<p>Lake Chokai, 19 Oct. 2013.jpgLake Chokai</p><br>
<p>East Potomac Park is a park located on a man-made island in the Potomac River in Washington, D.C., in the United States. The park lies southeast of the Jefferson Memorial and the 14th Street Bridge, and the Washington Channel lies between the park and the Potomac River. Amenities in East Potomac Park include the East Potomac Park Golf Course, a miniature golf course, a public swimming pool , tennis courts, and several athletic fields . The park is a popular spot for fishermen, and cyclists, walkers, inline skaters, and runners heavily use the park&#39;s roads and paths. A portion of Ohio Drive SW runs along the perimeter of the park.</p><br>
<p>East Potomac Park is accessible primarily by road via Ohio Drive SW. The DC Circulator National Mall Route, which began service in June 2015, provides the best public transportation option for reaching East Potomac Park. The closest Circulator stop is at East Basin Drive SW south of the Jefferson Memorial, which is within easy walking distance of Ohio Drive SW and the north end of the park. Metrobus does not serve the park, and there is no Washington Metro stop close to the park. The nearest Metro stop is the Smithsonian station at Independence Avenue SW and 12th Street SW, about six blocks away. (Walking from Metro requires accessing the park via Raoul Wallenberg Place SW, Maine Avenue SW, and Ohio Drive SW.)</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Although the shoreline of the Potomac River in the District of Columbia was likely to have been littered with shoals, sandbars, and marsh flats, no documentation of these was undertaken until 1834. At that time, the United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers identified extensive tidal flats below Long Bridge (the predecessor structure to the 14th Street Bridge). These varied in size, but the largest was 100 acre in size at low tide. By 1881, these extended from about the Old Naval Observatory down to Buzzard Point. Near the modern intersection of 17th Street NW and Constitution Avenue NW, the citys sewer system discharged into an extensive tidal flat, known as Kidwells Meadows. Exposed to the air about half the time, the sewage began decomposing, creating a powerful, rank smell.</p><br>
<p>The southern part of the Pennsylvania Avenue district was flooded many times in the last three decades of the 19th century. Major floods occurred in October 1870 (during which Chain Bridge was destroyed), February 1881, November 1887, and June 1889 (the same storm which caused the Johnstown Flood). Floodwaters were high enough that rowboats were used on the avenue, and horse-drawn streetcars saw water reach the bottom of the trams. After a disastrous flood in 1881, the United States Army Corps of Engineers dredged a deep channel in the Potomac and used the material to fill in the Potomac (creating the current banks of the river) and raise much of the land near the White House and along Pennsylvania Avenue NW by nearly 6 ft. Much of the dredged material was used to build up the existing tidal flats in the Potomac River as well as sandbars which had been created by silting around Long Bridge. Reclamation occurred in three phases: Section 1 (what is now 135 acre West Potomac Park), section 2 (what is now the 277 acre area around the Tidal Basin), and section 3 (what is now 327 acre East Potomac Park). Congress formally designated these areas "Potomac Park" on March 3, 1897.</p><br>
<p>To ensure that the island was not eroded by the river, poplars and willows were planted along edge of the island to stabilize the shoreline. Over the next two decades, most of East Potomac Park lay untouched, and dense thickets of trees and brush grew up on the island. Dredging of the Potomac River continued even after East Potomac Park was considered finished, and additional dredged material was placed on the island in late 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, and 1907.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in late 1907, a bridge was built across the Tidal Basin Outlet Channel, carrying the Washington, Alexandria, and Mount Vernon Electric Railway (a streetcar line) over the Washington Channel and the Long Bridge into Virginia. This was completed in June 1908. More dredge material was deposited on the island in 1909, 1911, and 1912.</p><br>
<p>In 1900, the United States Senate established the Senate Park Commission to reconcile competing visions for the development of Washington, D.C., and the parks within it. Better known as the "McMillan Commission" because of its influential chairman, Senator James McMillan, the Commission released a document known as McMillan Plan in 1902. The McMillan Plan called for turning the undeveloped land into a formal park with extensive recreation facilities.</p><br>
<h2>History of the park</h2><br>
<p>Infilling of the East Potomac Park island continued long after the island was considered complete. In 1906, a large elliptical depression covering about 14 acre existed in the center of the island. Due to the distance to shore, the Corps of Engineers felt it was not feasible to fill in the area. But a contractor, eager to be rid of dredged material, filled it in for free in 1908. A portion of the park then served in 1910 as a nursery for providing trees, shrubs, and flowers for Congress, the White House, and other governmental agencies.</p><br>
<p>Congress gave permission for the Corps to open East Potomac Park to the public in August 1912. In September 1912, the Corps began construction of a 30 ft road on the Potomac River shoreline of East Potomac Park. Work continued on the Potomac River shoreline in 1914, and continued up the Washington Channel side. The road on the Channel side was completed in spring 1915, leaving a temporary road around the southern tip of the island. This portion of the road was finished in late June 1915.</p><br>
<p>Congress transferred jurisdiction of East Potomac Park to the District of Columbia from the federal government in legislation enacted on August 1, 1914. At the time, public works in the District of Columbia were overseen by the Army Corps of Engineers, so this legislation effectively placed the park under the Corps&#39; jurisdiction.</p><br>
<p>Spring 1915 saw the Corps extensively landscape East Potomac Park for the first time, planting 46,650 shrubs and flowering plants and 203 Japanese cherry trees (or sakura) along the roadway. Another 133 Japanese cherry trees were planted in spring 1916.</p><br>
<p>One of the first structures added to East Potomac Park was the National Park Service (NPS) lodge. The Corps of Engineers had originally proposed constructing a small lodge in East Potomac Park in 1908 to serve as a tool shed and public toilet and to serve as a shelter for police patrolling the park. But Congress did not approve this plan. Instead, a lodge originally built in Franklin Square in downtown Washington, D.C., about 1867 was moved to the north end of East Potomac Park, near the Washington Channel shoreline, between 1913 and June 1915. The National Park Service used the structure for various purposes until 1965, when Congress established the National Mall and Memorial Parks division (known as NAMA, for National Mall) of the National Park Service. NAMA has used the lodge for its headquarters ever since.</p><br>
<p>Bridle paths for horseback riding were also constructed in the park in 1913, and significantly expanded in summer 1915 and spring 1916. The first three of the park&#39;s many baseball diamonds were established in early 1915, and extensive cinder-lined walking paths constructed in summer 1915 and spring 1916. The Corps proceeded to clear grade, plow, and seed 88 acre of land in the center of the park for use as athletic fields in the summer of 1916 and again in the spring of 1917. But this land was turned over to the Boy Scouts of America for use as a victory garden.</p><br>
<h3>Golf course and fieldhouses</h3><br>
<p>Much of the park remained undeveloped until 1913, when a "fieldhouse" with lockers and showers was proposed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers for construction toward the center of the park. No funding for the fieldhouse was provided, but the following year the Corps of Engineers, acting on a request from local sportsmen, won approval for construction of a golf course on the lower two-thirds of the park. Work on the course was delayed for a variety of reasons, but construction finally began in January 1917, when golf course architect Walter Travis visited the city to see the site and begin designing the course.</p><br>
<p>Although funding for construction was approved in May 1918, work was delayed during World War I as temporary soldiers&#39; barracks were built in and victory gardens were extensively planted throughout East Potomac Park. The first nine holes opened on July 7, 1920. A three-hole practice course opened in June 1922, and was expanded to a full nine holes some time in 1923. The final nine holes opened in late September 1924.</p><br>
<p>Work on the fieldhouse occurred alongside the golf course. Construction by the A.C. Moses Construction Co. began in June 1917. By this time, the single fieldhouse had become two fieldhouses, each slightly L-shaped with the long wing of the building on a northeast-southwest axis. The two structures were connected by a breezeway on the south side. World War I delayed their completion, and funding for the structures was scared. Only one fieldhouse was ready by June 1919, and little additional work had been completed by August 1921. But with the golf course rapidly expanding, the single fieldhouse was quickly overwhelmed. The first fieldhouse was finished and the second one begun and completed by December 1921.</p><br>
<p>A teahouse, a campground for tourists, and horse stables were built in the park in the 1920s. A four-mile-long pedestrian promenade was constructed around the park perimeter in 1935.</p><br>
<h3>Pool</h3><br>
<p>A pool was first proposed for East Potomac Park in 1927, to be located between the two fieldhouses (which would now serve as bath houses). This effort was a private one, but approved by the city. But no work on the project was made. It wasn&#39;t until April 1935 that the federal government approved and provided funding for a pool, and even then construction did not begin until 1936. By this time, a bath house was provided for pool users, so that the fieldhouses could remain dedicated to golf course users. A major flood damaged much of the pool construction work in July 1936, and the pool finally opened on June 4, 1937.</p><br>
<p>At some point in the 1950s, 1960s, or 1970s, the eastern fieldhouse was closed to the public and turned over to the U.S Park Police for use as their District 1 Station.</p><br>
<p>The pool and bath house remained largely as constructed until 1976, when the original concrete pool was removed and replaced with a pool consisting of an aluminum shell encased in fiberglass. The bath house was also replaced at this time. The original 1936 pool deck and underground pool structures remained in place, however.</p><br>
<h3>Mission 66 buildings</h3><br>
<p>In 1956, the NPS, which owned and supervised operation of East Potomac Park, adopted a strategic plan known as Mission 66. This ten-year strategic plan was designed to bring all NPS facilities nationwide up-to-date, and construct new facilities where needed. Mission 66 proposed building three new structures in East Potomac Park. The first was the headquarters of the NPS&#39; National Capital Region (NCR), constructed in the northern part of the park near the south shoreline and completed in 1963. The second was the headquarters of the United States Park Police (USPP), built adjacent to the NCR Headquarters and completed in 1964. Both buildings were designed by William M. Haussmann, an architect who was chief of the National Capital Office of Design and Construction in the National Park Service. In 1969, a one-story addition containing a cafeteria and training center was added to the north end of the NCR headquarters structure.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, the 1913 lodge and the two fieldhouses were nominated for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. The latter buildings were hailed as being excellent examples of the "Mission 66" style of architecture.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the National Park Service proposed a major restructuring of all federal government operations in the Mission 66 buildings. The consolidation and renovations were needed because the NAMA headquarters and the USPP District 1 headquarters were both in a medium-risk floodplain expected to have a severe flood once in every 100 years. A portion of the USSP District 1 access road and grounds were in a floodplain expected to have a severe flood every 10 to 25 years. Additionally, planners noted that the USPP District 1 headquarters was not configured to meet heightened security needs in a post-9/11 world. NPS and USPP officials said they anticipated upgrading the HVAC and mechanical systems of the NCR headquarters, making the structure ADA compliant, and renovating the interior to create an open workspace from closed offices, which would allow far more efficient use of space and the demolition of some temporary office trailers currently on the northern corner of the complex&#39;s parking lot. A new 13,000 ft&sup2; USPP District 1 station would be constructed on the site of the temporary trailers, allowing the fieldhouse to be returned to public use. (There was no announcement made about the use of the 1913 lodge.) The $28 million project was being overseen by the architectural firm of Beyer Blinder Belle.</p><br>
<h3>Other history</h3><br>
<p>Beginning in 1971, the United States lightship Chesapeake was anchored off East Potomac Park in the Washington Channel. The ship drew 25,000 visitors annually until she was moved to Baltimore Harbor and loaned to the Baltimore Maritime Museum in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Tidal Basin Outlet Channel Bridge, which now carried the 14th Street Bridge over the Washington Channel and East Potomac Park, was reconstructed in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Congress designated Hains Point, the southern tip of the park, as the site for a National Peace Garden in 1988. But authorization for the memorial expired without any construction occurring.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, the United States Navy enclosed 4 acre of the park between the NCR/USPP office building&#39;s parking lot and the railroad tracks, and constructed a large steel shed there. The construction bypassed normal review procedures for the use of public land and design of building in the National Capital Area, although members (but not staff) of the United States Commission of Fine Arts and the National Capital Planning Commission were later briefed about the project and sworn to secrecy. The ongoing activity, The Washington Post reported, is presumed to be related to national security. The Navy declined to address the project other than to say it was "utility assessment and upgrade", and that when the work was finished only a small utility shed will remain (with landscaping restored to its previous condition).</p><br>
<p>By 2015, East Potomac Park had fallen into disrepair. The 5 mi long riprap seawall was disintegrating, sidewalks throughout the park were often cracked and buckled, and the miniature golf course was worn and dirty. A portion of the seawall and sidewalk along the southern tip of the park was in such bad shape that the National Park Service closed the area to all pedestrian traffic in 2014.</p><br>
<p>Mount Sedgwick is a mountain located within the West Coast Range, in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia.</p><br>
<p>It lies in line behind Mount Lyell in views from high points in Queenstown and from the roads leading out to Strahan and Zeehan. Bands of the pink and grey coloured conglomerate show strikingly on its south west slopes. Its western and south western slopes are significantly more precipitous and rocky, compared to the once heavily forested southern and south eastern slopes.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The geology of Mount Sedgwick has remnant Jurassic, Permian and Palaeozoic features. The top of Mount Sedgwick is columnar jointed Jurassic Dolerite interpreted as a remnant of a dolerite sheet. The lack of a strong magnetic signature suggests it is not a plug that intrudes Permian tillite, which is exposed on the South East flank of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Mount Sedgwick and its surrounding area was identified in the 1890s by Thomas Bather Moore as being associated with evidence of glaciation in the West Coast Range.</p><br>
<h2>Access and features</h2><br>
<p>Lake Margaret lies at the northern side of the mountain, while Lake Beatrice and Lake Burbury at the eastern side. Mount Geikie and the Tyndall Range are the main mountains in the West Coast Range to the north. Mount Sedgwick is effectively the source of the Lake Margaret water - with smaller named lakes above Lake Margaret as feeders.</p><br>
<p>Lake Junin  or Chinchaycocha  is the largest lake entirely within Peruvian territory. Even though Lake Titicaca has a much larger area, its eastern half is located on Bolivian territory. Lake Junin is an important birdwatching destination in the country.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Most of the lake is located in the Junin Province of the Junin Region, its northwestern tip belongs to the Pasco Province which is in the Pasco Region. The surface elevation of the lake is located at 4,082.7 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Lake Junin is surrounded by emergent vegetation, which in some places can reach 6 km wide and become so dense that it is impenetrable. The fish fauna is abundant but includes several introduced species. The introduced trout have been implicated in the decline of some native amphibian species.</p><br>
<p>The lake is within the Amazon catchment. There is a hydroelectric power station which regulates the water level of the lake at the outflow of the lake, through the Upamayo Dam. In years of abundant rains, fluctuations in the water level are moderate, but in years of drought water level may drop 1.5 - leaving extensive areas exposed. The deepest part of the lake, which is located about 10 km off Huayre, is 12 m deep.</p><br>
<h2>Pollution</h2><br>
<p>Since 1933 there has been an inflow of mining residues into the lake, which has adversely affected the fish and bird fauna in parts of the lake. Sewage coming from the cities of Junín and Carhuamayo also pollutes the lake. These types of pollution are contributing to the natural eutrophication process of this wetland.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Lake Junin has two endemic birds: the critically endangered Junín flightless grebe (Podiceps taczanowskii) and the endangered Junín rail (Laterallus tuerosi). The two endangered species of frogs in the genus Batrachophrynus are restricted to the vicinity of the lake, although only one of these, the entirely aquatic Lake Junín giant frog (B. macrostomus), is found in the lake itself. Two Orestias pupfish, O. empyraeus and O. polonorum, and the catfish Trichomycterus oroyae are endemic to the lake basin (including associated streams and rivers).</p><br>
<p>Old Town is a neighborhood and historic district in North Side, Chicago, Illinois, home to many of Chicagos older, Victorian-era buildings, including St. Michaels Church, one of seven buildings to survive the Great Chicago Fire.</p><br>
<h2>Location and name of Old Town</h2><br>
<p>In the 19th century, German immigrants moved to the meadows north of North Avenue and began farming what had previously been swampland, planting celery, potatoes and cabbages. This lead the area to gain the nickname, "The Cabbage Patch", a name which stuck until the early 1900s.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the streets of North, Clark, and Ogden Avenues (which form a triangle) were designated a neighborhood defense unit by Chicago&#39;s Civil Defense Agency. In the years immediately after the war, the population of "North Town" (as it was known) sponsored annual art fairs called the "Old Town Holiday." The art fairs were popular attractions to the neighborhood and the name "Old Town" was used in the title of the Old Town Triangle Association when it was formed in 1948 by residents who wanted to improve the condition of buildings that were suffering from physical deterioration. In the 1950s, much of Old Town was an enclave to many of the first Puerto Ricans to emigrate to Chicago. They referred to this area as part of "La Clark".</p><br>
<p>There is no legal entity known as Old Town, although claims have been made as to the nature of its unspecific borders:</p><br>
<h2>History of Old Town</h2><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>Old Town is home to many of Chicagos older, Victorian-era buildings. The neighborhood is also home to St. Michaels Church, originally a Bavarian-built church, and one of seven to survive within the boundaries of the Great Chicago Fire. Many of the streets and alleys, particularly in the Old Town Triangle section, predate the Great Chicago Fire and do not all adhere to a typical Chicago grid pattern.</p><br>
<p>Old Town has one Brown-Purple Line El station, at 1536–40 North Sedgwick Street. It is one of the oldest standing stations on the El, built in 1900.</p><br>
<p>The first gay-rights organization in American history, the Society for Human Rights, was established by Henry Gerber at his home, the Henry Gerber House, on North Crilly Court in 1924. The Henry Gerber House was designated a Chicago Landmark on June 6, 2001. In June 2015 it was named a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>In 1927, sculptors Sol Kogen and Edgar Miller purchased and subsequently rehabilitated a house on Burton Place, near Wells Street, into the Carl Street Studios. Through the 1930s, an art colony emerged in the neighborhood as artists moved from the Towertown neighborhood near Washington Square Park.</p><br>
<h3>1950s–1969</h3><br>
<p>In 1955, upon the first election of Mayor Daley, 43rd ward alderman Paddy Bauler, who kept a saloon in Old Town at North and Sedgwick Avenues called De Luxe Gardens, famously declared "Chicago ain&#39;t ready for reform yet" many times over in his bar while dancing a jig.</p><br>
<p>During the 1960s, the neighborhood was the center of the yippie and hippie counter culture in the midwestern United States. This was mostly because by the 1950s and 1960s, many of the original families that had settled in the neighborhood had moved to the suburbs during white flight, leaving older, Victorian buildings with storefronts available to rent inexpensively. A community of Puerto Ricans formed along Wieland, North Park, Sedgewick and west on North Avenue. The Young Lords then a street gang with Jose Cha-Cha Jimenez had a branch of their group at Wieland and North Avenues. This dense storefront-laden area (Wells and North Avenues) became also the nexus of hippie culture, (as well as the newly emerging out-homosexual culture) and gave rise to the boutiques (Crate & Barrel, for example) in the neighborhood today. Seed was a literary staple of the neighborhood at the time.</p><br>
<p>The violent events that took place during the 1968 Democratic National Convention transpired around the convention center, Grant Park, Old Town, and Lincoln Park, adjacent to Old Town.</p><br>
<p>The film The Weather Underground has a scene on La Salle Avenue in Old Town, which describes the Zeitgeist of the era.</p><br>
<p>Old Town was home to many gays and lesbians from the 1960s through the 1980s. There were numerous gay bars lining Wells Street (all of them closed as of 2013). This was the first "gay ghetto" in Chicago, predating the current Lake View neighborhood (which is the current epicenter of gay life); As the area gentrified, the gays moved further north to Lincoln Park and then Lake View neighborhoods.</p><br>
<p>During the 1960s and 1970s, Old Town became the center of Chicago folk music, which was experiencing a revival at the time. In 1957, the Old Town School of Folk Music opened at 333 West North Avenue and stayed at that address until 1968, when the school moved to 909 West Armitage Avenue. It has retained the name, although it is no longer located within Old Town. Singer-songwriters such as Bob Gibson, Steve Goodman, Bonnie Koloc, and John Prine played at several clubs on Wells Street, such as The Earl of Old Town. The Old Town School of Folk Music was closely associated with these artists and clubs. The largest and most successful of the folk clubs was Mother Blues, which featured nationally known artists and groups such as Spanky and Our Gang, Jose Feliciano, Odetta, Oscar Brown Jr., Bob Gibson, Josh White, and Chad Mitchell. It also presented comedian George Carlin, Sergio Mendez, Brazil &#39;66, and The Jefferson Airplane.</p><br>
<p>A few of the institutions from the 1960s era still exist today, such as The Second City, the Old Town Ale House, Bijou Video, the Old Town School of Folk Music (which moved after the 1968 riots), The Fudge Pot, the Up Down Tobacco Shop (which used to be located just south of its current location), and the Old Town Aquarium.</p><br>
<h3>1970s until today</h3><br>
<p>After the Martin Luther King assassination, and the subsequent riots, the neighborhood experienced a tense racial division during the 1970s and 1980s which left a segregation between Old Town north of North Ave. and Old Town south of North Ave. In the early 2000s this trend has begun to shift towards a gentrification of the area south of North Ave. on Sedgwick, Blackhawk, Hudson and Mohawk streets, near the Marshall Field Garden Apartments. The area to the west of these streets, near the North and Clybourn Red Line stop has been dubbed "SoNo" by real estate developers. SoNo&#39;s boundaries are North Avenue, Halsted Street, Division Street and the North Branch of the Chicago River. Currently, Old Town south of North Avenue is a mixture of rich and poor, though is steadily gentrifying. The demolition of the Cabrini–Green high rise housing projects to the south has led to significant demographic changes in the neighborhood. The original Francis X. Cabrini Row Houses still are standing. The Parkside of Old Town development was built replacing the Cabrini-Green high rises just south of Old Town.</p><br>
<p>By 1976, Wells Street in Old Town had many sex-industry businesses operating, so many that Wells street was specifically named in Time Magazine&#39;s 1976 article "The Porno Plague". It was thought that some of the businesses had mob connections.</p><br>
<p>Current cultural amenities in the neighborbood include Old Town Triangle Art Center, and the annual Old Town Art Fair.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>Chicago Public Schools (CPS) operates public schools.</p><br>
<p>Manierre K–8 School is in "Sedville", a gang territory area in Old Town. it is considered a low-performing school. In the 2010s, CPS considered merging Jenner K–8 in Cabrini-Green and Manierre together, but concerns involving students crossing gang territorial lines meant that both schools remained open.</p><br>
<p>Moundville Archaeological Site, also known as the Moundville Archaeological Park, is a Mississippian culture site on the Black Warrior River in Hale County, near the city of Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Extensive archaeological investigation has shown that the site was the political and ceremonial center of a regionally organized Mississippian culture chiefdom polity between the 11th and 16th centuries. The archaeological park portion of the site is administered by the University of Alabama Museums and encompasses 185 acre, consisting of 29 platform mounds around a rectangular plaza.</p><br>
<p>The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.</p><br>
<p>Moundville is the second-largest site in the United States of the classic Middle Mississippian era, after Cahokia in Illinois. The culture was expressed in villages and chiefdoms throughout the central Mississippi River Valley, the lower Ohio River Valley, and most of the Mid-South area, including Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi as the core of the classic Mississippian culture area. The park contains a museum and an archaeological laboratory.</p><br>
<p>Bottle Creek Indian Mounds, located on an island north of Mobile, is another major Mississippian site in Alabama on the Gulf Coast. It has also been designated as an NHL.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Moundville was mentioned by E. G. Squier and Edwin Hamilton Davis in their work, "Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley" (c1848). Later in the century, Nathaniel Thomas Lupton created a fairly accurate map of the site.</p><br>
<p>Very little work was conducted at Moundville by the Bureau of Ethnology’s Division of Mound Exploration, partly because the landowner imposed a fee. The first significant archaeological investigations were conducted by Clarence Bloomfield Moore, a lawyer from Philadelphia. He dug extensively at Moundville in 1906 and his extensive records of his excavation have been of use to modern archaeologists. Unfortunately, the site was looted extensively over the next two decades.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1920s concerned citizens, including Walter B. Jones (geologist) (after whom the site’s museum is named) had begun a concerted effort to save the site. With the help of the Alabama Museum of Natural History, the land containing the mounds was slowly purchased. By 1933 the site had officially become known as Mound State Park, but the park was not developed until 1938.</p><br>
<p>The Civilian Conservation Corps was brought in to stabilize the mounds against erosion. They also constructed roads and buildings for the site. The name of the park was changed to Mound State Monument and was open to the public in 1939.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, the park’s name was officially changed to Moundville Archaeological Park.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The site was occupied by Native Americans of the Mississippian culture from around 1000 AD to 1450 AD. Around 1150 AD it began its rise from a local to a regional center. At its height, the community took the form of a roughly 300 acre residential and political area protected on three sides by a bastioned wooden palisade wall, with the remaining side protected by the river bluff.</p><br>
<p>The largest platform mounds are located on the northern edge of the plaza and become increasingly smaller going either clockwise or counter clockwise around the plaza to the south. Scholars theorize that the highest-ranking clans occupied the large northern mounds, with the smaller mounds&#39; supporting buildings used for residences, mortuary, and other purposes. A total of 29 remain on the site. Of the two largest mounds in the group, Mound A occupies a central position in the great plaza, and Mound B lies just to the north, a steep, 58 ft tall pyramidal mound with two access ramps. Along with both mounds, archaeologists have also found evidence of borrow pits, other public buildings, and a dozen small houses constructed of pole and thatch.</p><br>
<p>Archaeologists have interpreted this community plan as a sociogram, an architectural depiction of a social order based on ranked clans. According to this model, the Moundville community was segmented into a variety of different clan precincts, the ranked position of which was represented in the size and arrangement of paired earthen mounds around the central plaza. By 1300, the site was being used more as a religious and political center than as a residential town. This signaled the beginning of a decline, and by 1500 most of the area was abandoned.</p><br>
<h2>People</h2><br>
<p>The surrounding area appears to have been heavily populated, but the people built relatively few mounds before 1200 AD, after which the public architecture of the plaza and mounds was constructed. At its height, the population is estimated to have been around 1000 people within the walls, with 10,000 additional people in the surrounding countryside. Based on findings during excavations, the residents of the site were skilled in agriculture, especially the cultivation of maize. Production of maize surpluses gave the people produce to trade for other goods, supported population density, and allowed the specialization of artisans. Extensive amounts of imported luxury goods, such as copper, mica, galena, and marine shell, have been excavated from the site. The site is renowned by scholars for the artistic excellence of the artifacts of pottery, stonework, and embossed copper left by the former residents.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations and interpretation</h2><br>
<p>The first major excavations were done in 1905-06 by Clarence Bloomfield Moore, an independent archeologist, before archaeology had become a professional field of scholarship. His work first brought the site national attention and contributed to archaeologists developing the concept of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex. One of his many discoveries was a finely carved diorite bowl depicting a crested wood duck, which he later donated to the Smithsonian Institution, together with more than 500 other pieces.</p><br>
<p>Although the state had shown little interest in the site, after Moore removed this and many of the site&#39;s finest artifacts, the Alabama Legislature prohibited people from taking any other artifacts from the state. Archaeological techniques in general were relatively crude when compared to modern standards, but some professionals even during his time criticized Moore for his excavation techniques.</p><br>
<p>The first large-scale scientific excavations of the site began in 1929 by Walter B. Jones, director of the Alabama Museum of Natural History, and the archaeologist David L. DeJarnette. During the 1930s, he used some workers from the Civilian Conservation Corps, a program of the President Franklin D. Roosevelt administration during the Great Depression.</p><br>
<p>In the early 21st century, work is led by Dr. Jim Knight, Curator of Southeastern Archaeology at the University of Alabama. He is conducting field research at Moundville with an emphasis on ethnohistorical reconstruction. A ceremonial "earth lodge" was discovered in 2007, and about 15 percent of the site has been excavated. The Jones Archaeological Museum was constructed on the park property, and opened in 2010 for display of artifacts collected at the site and interpretation of the ancient people and culture. The University of Alabama maintains an archaeological lab at the park as well.</p><br>
<h3>Ceramics</h3><br>
<p>Two major varieties of pottery are associated with the Moundville Site. The Hemphill style pottery is a locally produced ware with a distinctive engraving tradition. The other variety consists of painted vessels, many of which were not produced locally. Unlike the engraved pottery, the negative-painted pottery seems to have been used only by the elites at the Moundville site; it has not been found outside the site.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Moundville Archaeological Site is located on a bluff overlooking the Black Warrior River. The site and other affiliated settlements are located within a portion of the Black Warrior River Valley starting below the fall line, just south of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and extending 25 mi downriver. Below the fall line, the valley widens and the uplands consist of rolling hills dissected by intermittent streams. This region corresponds with the transition between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain and encompasses considerable physiographic and ecological diversity. Environmentally this portion of the Black Warrior Valley was an ecotone that had floral and faunal characteristics from temperate oak-hickory, maritime magnolia, and pine forests.</p><br>
<h2>Easter sunrise pageant</h2><br>
<p>From 1947 until 1999, there was an Easter sunrise pageant at the park. The program, entitled ‘The Road to Calvary’ was written by Methodist minister, Robert L. Hagood, and was enacted by local residents. The show consisted of tableaus on the mounds reenacting the last days of Jesus’ life concluding with Christ on the cross silhouetted by the rising sun. The tableaus were accompanied by narration, music, and singing from local church choirs. At its peak, attendance was numbered in the thousands. For the pageant, the park opened at 3:00am with the program starting at 5:00am. Admission was free.</p><br>
<h2>Representation in media</h2><br>
<p>The American independent film, A Genesis Found (2009), was largely shot and set at the Moundville Archaeological Site. The plot concerns a search for a supposed anomalous skeleton linked to the sites founding. It features a dramatized dig from a University of Alabama Field School. The film also features dramatizations of Civilian Conservation Corps digs in the 1930s, as well as details about some of the sites more popular motifs and imagery.</p><br>
<p>The Camelsfoot Range is a sub-range of the Chilcotin Ranges subdivision of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia. The range is c. 90 km at its maximum length and less than 30 km wide at its widest.</p><br>
<h2>Terrain and location</h2><br>
<p>The far southeast end of the Camelsfoot is extremely rugged, and dropping to one last point at 7000&#39;-plus before plunging into the gorge of the Fraser Canyon at Fountain, near Lillooet. For 45 km NW from there, the range is rocky and lightly forested with lodgepole pine, breaking into high benchlands and large creek basins draining through benchland country via small canyons.</p><br>
<p>Beyond that the ranges terrain is much more gentle, with high, meadowed ridges running east towards the Fraser Canyon between treed plateaus and small canyons, and a few large, barren domes running further north along the Fraser. The range is bounded on the north and west by a large and impressive benchland-and-hoodoo sand canyon similar to those along the ranges east flank - that of Churn Creek, which is a provincial protected area. The historic Empire Valley Ranch is near the mouth of Churn Creek and is provincially protected for heritage and environmental reasons. It is on a high side-valley above the Fraser Canyon; north of it beyond Churn Creek is the historically significant Gang Ranch.</p><br>
<h2>Camels in the Cariboo</h2><br>
<p>Camelsfoot Peak and the range itself take their name from an odd episode in the story of the Fraser and Cariboo Gold Rushes. Frank Laumeister, a United States veteran of the Camel Corps, bought 23 camels from the US military, which was ending their use. He used the animals to carry freight on the Douglas Road and the Old Cariboo Road from Lillooet to Fort Alexandria, and later on the new Cariboo Wagon Road from Yale. After this, he finally discontinued using the camels. Horses could not stand their smell, the camels&#39; soft feet were hurt by the rocky soils of the BC Interior and the canyon trails, and handlers found them difficult. Many escaped retirement into the wilds.</p><br>
<p>The last confirmed sighting was in the Ashcroft area in 1905, possibly 1910 by some claims. Barroom stories recount sightings elsewhere in the southern Interior into the 1930s, but these are taken with the same amount of stock as the Sasquatch or the Cariboo Alligator.</p><br>
<p>The original Log Cabin Theatre in Lillooet, still exists today, originally was used by Laumeister for a camel barn. No one knows if the camels roamed the Camelsfoot. The new highway bridge in Lillooet is named the Bridge of the Twenty-Three Camels to commemorate their role in local history.</p><br>
<p>The name of the Yalakom River is a simplified version of the Chilcotin word for the ewe of the mountain sheep. Shulaps, the name of the range to the west of the Camelsfoot, is a simplified version of the Chilcotin for the ram.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>There have been copper prospects operating on Red Mountain 2445 m (8022 ft), the highest in the range, and on Poison Mountain 2264 m (7428 ft), just south Red, is located where the spine of the Shulaps Range intersects with that of the Camelsfoot, at the apex of the Yalakom valley which runs SE towards Lillooet from this point. Poison Mountains name comes from the toxic leaching of its orebodies into local streams (and rumours of mercury in the copper ore) while Reds comes from the colour of its cuprous earth. Red&#39;s flanks show ziggurat-like scars that are evidence of the scale of ore-sampling that at one time was underway.</p><br>
<p>There are projected open-pit mine and smelter plans for the Poison Mountain-Red Mountain orebody, using power from the also projected Hat Creek lignite deposits nearby on the other side of the Fraser. These have never been brought forward in the public planning process, nor are they likely to be given the scope (and overlapping) of First Nations land claims in the immediate region.</p><br>
<p>Red has a twin summit, French Mountain 2231 m (7320 ft), originally named French Bar Mountain after a rich gold-bearing bar on the Fraser just east. North of them is a remote, gentle summit known as Black Dome Mountain 2252 m (7388 ft). China Head 2125 m (6972 ft) and Nine Mile Ridge 2422 m (7946 ft) are southeast of Red and are large, wide ridges covered in meadow; Nine Mile Ridge is a protected area. China Head&#39;s name is thought by some to have to do with a conical-shaped hill atop the ridge visible from the Fraser, but the name may have to do with long-established Lillooet entrepreneur Cheng Won, who owned a hog ranch on Leon Creek, another valley south and "Wo Hing General Store" in Lillooet. The term "head" in 19th-century frontier usage was a synonym for mountain or ridge or headland, and not meant as a reference to a head.</p><br>
<p>Due south of it is the isolated massif of Yalakom Mountain 2424 m (7953 ft), which is one of the highest in the range and remains a redoubt of mountain sheep and other big game, and historically was part of a long-standing wildlife preserve. East of Yalakom Mountain is Hogback Mountain 2149 m (7051 ft), whose name is not descriptive but concerns Cheng Won&#39;s hog ranch on its shoulders from which the pigs would run wild onto the mountain.</p><br>
<p>South of Hogback and Leon Creek the range becomes much more rugged as it narrows. Mount Birch 2232 m (7323 ft), just south of Leon Creek, is named after the Lieutenant-Governor who ran the Crown Colony of British Columbia for most of the alcoholic Frederick Seymour&#39;s term as Governor. Birch has a twin summit on its short, sharp ridge - Mount Duncan 2182 m (7159 ft) and a southern foreshoulder overlooking the confluence of the Yalakom and Bridge Rivers is named Mount Bishop 1,721 m. From Bishop south to the Fraser the boundary of the range is the very lower stretches of the Bridge River, after its confluence with the Yalakom. A rural farming and ranching community named Moha, also called Yalakom, is located around that confluence, which also is the lower end of the Big Canyon of the Bridge River.</p><br>
<p>Southeast from Duncan there is Slok Hill (Red Hill) 2081 m (6827 ft) which is a mountain despite its name, which is Statimcets for "red". The upper canyon of Applespring Creek nearly bisects the range to nearly connect top Slok Creek, south of which is Camelsfoot Peak 2014 m (6608 ft). Below Applespring Creek along the lower Bridge is the rancherie of the Bridge River Indian Band, Xwisten (which is the name of the river in their language). Their combined reserves extend much further up the Bridge on its south side, almost to Moha, and comprise one of the largest Indian Reserves in British Columbia.</p><br>
<p>The southeastern shoulders of Camelsfoot Peak overlook the town of Lillooet. The confluence of the Bridge and Fraser Rivers is at the range&#39;s southern foot. Just upriver from it is a final unnamed pinnacle of the range, in a locality sometimes referred to as North Fountain (Fountain is south of the Fraser at this point), that is the site of an old forestry lookout, accessed by a decommissioned side road off the "main" road up the west side of the Fraser from Lillooet.</p><br>
<p>Ranches off that west side road, known as the Slok Creek Forest Service Road or, more traditionally, the West Pavilion Road, access ranches on high benchlands atop cliffs that plunge to one of the Fraser&#39;s deepest gorges, plunging in near-desert between Fountain and Big Bar. Although road-access today, these once were accessed only by cable ferry on the river far below Pavilion, or via tortuous horse trails over the southern Camelsfoot. Some of the ranchlands and spreads in this area, which is called Blue Ridge as well as West Pavilion, were part of the Diamond S Ranch holdings at Pavilion founded by American settler Robert Carson and owned in later years by the Martley family and their descendants to this day.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The range is home to black bear, black-tail deer, moose, mountain sheep, mountain goat, cougar, lynx and smaller creatures. Encounters with grizzlies may occur in this range, but they are not so common here as in the Shulaps Range and west from there. Contrary to media myth perpetrated by badly written environmentalists&#39; pamphleteering, there are no rattlesnakes in the Lillooet region, nor west of the Fraser at all except a few near Lytton and Boston Bar. There are, however, many species of lizard and non-venomous snake.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>All of these summits and many other high areas of the range and other nearby ranges are accessible by 4x4 (preferably with a winch) or mountain bike or horseback. The main roads encircle the range via the Yalakom and Fraser Rivers, converging via China Head and northeast via Watson Bar and Big Bar Ferry.</p><br>
<h2>Geographic classification issue</h2><br>
<p>In some classifications, they are a parallel region to the Pacific Ranges rather than its subdivisions, and in others they are part of the Chilcotin Plateau. That is to say, part of the Interior Plateau, along with the Marble Range and Clear Range on the other side of the Fraser River from it. In such a classification system, the boundary of the Chilcotin Ranges would stop at the Yalakom River, the North Fork of the Bridge River, which is the western boundary of the Camelsfoot.</p><br>
<p>On the other hand, those ranges, classified as part of the Interior Plateau, are really part of the same geologic system as the Coast Mountains across the Fraser or the Cascade Range south of the Thompson on the near side of the Fraser, which has been riven by the gorges of the Thompson and Fraser Canyons to separate the Pacific Cordillera into different ranges.</p><br>
<p>The Camelsfoot Range is crammed into the division point of the huge Fraser and Yalakom Faults, which converge south of Lillooet at the south end of Fountain Ridge, and compositionally is more similar to the Marble and Clear Ranges than to the Shulaps Range, which is to the west across the Yalakom.</p><br>
<p>Mathrafal near Welshpool, in Powys, Mid Wales, was the seat of the Kings and Princes of Powys probably from the 9th century until its destruction in 1212 by Llywelyn ap Iorwerth  of Gwynedd.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>On the banks of the River Banwy, just above its confluence with the river Vyrnwy, about 5 km (3 miles) NE of Llanfair Caereinion and 10 km (6 miles) NW of Welshpool on the A495 at its junction with the B4389.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The site known today as "Mathrafal Castle" is a 90 m by 80 m compound defended by a bank and outer ditch on three sides, the fourth side being the river. Little remains of the original walls.</p><br>
<p>Mathrafal is the original capital of the Kingdom of Powys,</p><br>
<p>This structure probably replaced an earlier hill fort, about 1 km away to the NW, which dates from around 656 at the time of the fall of the neighbouring Kingdom of Pengwern, or perhaps as early as 520 when the capital of Powys was moved from the old Roman town of Viroconium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter).</p><br>
<p>The 35m by 25m by 5m high motte of Mathrafal Castle dates from around the end of the 12th century and was probably built either by Owain Cyfeiliog (circa 1170) or Robert de Vieuxpont on behalf of King John in 1212. Prince Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys moved his capital from Mathrafal to Welshpool (Y Trallwng) in 1212. The castle was destroyed and never rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>Excavations by the University of York around 1991 found an iron and bronze figurine of St Gwynllyw (or Woolos the Warrior) in a cavity in a window base.</p><br>
<p>Tirsuli is a Himalayan mountain peak in the Pithoragarh district of Kumaon Uttarakhand, India. It is part of the complex of mountains, including Tirsuli West, Hardeol, Dunagiri, Changabang, and Kalanka, which make up the northeast wall of the Nanda Devi Sanctuary, in the Garhwal Himalaya. It rises at the northern end of the Johar Valley, which drains into the Ghori Ganga. This peak should not be confused with nearby Trisul, which is on the southwest side of the Sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>In 1939, a serious attempt on this peak by the successful Polish expedition to Nanda Devi East was abandoned after a night avalanche buried leader Adam Karpinski and climber Stefan Bernadzikiewicz at Camp 3. Indian team led by Mohan Singh Kohli from Indian Mountaineering Foundation, under Ministry of Defence, Government of India tried an unsuccessful attempt to the peak in 1964. Another team led by K. P. Sharma and organized by Himalayan Association attempted the peak in 1965, but turned back from about 18,000 ft. The peak was scaled for the first time on 9 October 1966 by another Indian team led by Chanchal Kumar Mitra & organised for the 2nd. time by Himalayan Association of calcutta. They ascended the east face of the south-east ridge and then took the south-east ridge to the top, mounting the summit bid from Camp 5, at about 21,860 ft. Nirapada Mallik (Dy.leader), Shyamal Chakrabarty, Nima Tashi ( former Dy.Director of training at The HMI Darjeeling) and Dorji sherpa were the summitters. Other members of the team were Manik Banerjee, K.K.Khanna, Marcopolo Srimal, Dr. Jungpangi from Geological Survey of India, Dr.Amitava Sen(M.O), Pinaki Sinha and Sailesh Chakraborty. The expedition was organised by the Himalayan Association, Kolkata.</p><br>
<p>The Panchachuli  peaks are a group of five snow-capped Himalayan peaks lying at the end of the eastern Kumaon region, near Munsiari, in Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand state, India. The peaks have altitudes ranging from 6,334 m to 6,904 m. They form the watershed between the Gori and the Darmaganga valleys. Panchchuli is also located on the Gori Ganga-Lassar Yankti divide. The group lies 138 km from Pithoragarh.</p><br>
<p>The five peaks on the Panchchuli massif are numbered from northwest to southeast. The highest peak is Panchchuli II, which was first scaled by an Indo-Tibetan Border Police expedition, led by Mahendra Singh, on 26 May 1973. One theory of the groups name is derived from the legendary Pandavass "Five Chulis" (cooking hearths), where they cooked their last meal before proceeding toward their heavenly abode. Another theory is that this region was once part of the old Nepal Kingdom and in the Nepalese language Chuli refers to peaks, hence the 5 peaks.</p><br>
<h2>Five peaks of Panchachuli</h2><br>
<h3>Panchachuli-1 (6,355 m)</h3><br>
<p>The first ascent of this peak was done by Indo-Tibet Border Police (ITBP) team in 1972, via Uttari Balati glacier, led by Hukam Singh.</p><br>
<p>The coordinates of this peak are Latitude 30°1312" Longitude 80° 2512".</p><br>
<h3>Panchachuli-2 (6,904 m)</h3><br>
<p>This is the highest peak in the group and the highest peak lying entirely in the Kumaon region. It was first climbed successfully by an Indo-Tibetan Border Police team, led by Mahendra Singh, on 26 May 1973. They climbed from the Balati plateau and via the southwest ridge to the summit. The coordinates of the peak are Latitude 30°1251" Longitude 80°2539".</p><br>
<h3>Panchachuli-3 (6,312 m)</h3><br>
<p>This peak have been not climbed, there have been a few expeditions and attempts. The first attempt was in 1996 via the Dakshini Balati Glacier on the Munsiari side, this attempt ended after an accident and avalanche. The second attempt was in 1998, by a large Army expedition, lead by Colonel Bhatt of the Engineer Corps of the Indian Army, via the Duktu Glacier on the Dhauli Ganga river side, this too was not successful as the team summiting had an accident on the final approach ridge.</p><br>
<p>Other reports of a successful climb have not been independently verified.</p><br>
<p>The coordinates of this peak are Latitude 30°1200" Longitude 80°2624".</p><br>
<h3>Panchachuli-4 (6,334 m)</h3><br>
<p>The first ascent of this peak was made in 1995 by a New Zealand expedition led by John Nankervis. The expedition members who summited were; John Nankervis (Wellington), Peter Cammell (Auckland), John Cocks (Dunedin), and Nick Shearer (Oamaru). Peter Platts (Christchurch) assisted the expedition as far as camp 2. The coordinates of this peak are Latitude 30°1124" Longitude 80°2700".</p><br>
<h3>Panchachuli-5 (6,437 m)</h3><br>
<p>The first ascent of this peak was made in 1992 by an Indo-British team jointly led by Chris Bonington and Harish Kapadia by the south ridge. Stephen Venables was one of the people in the team who successfully summited, he however had an accident while descending and a daring rescue operation by the Indian Air force helped evacuate him to safety.</p><br>
<p>The coordinates of this peak are Latitude 30°1048" Longitude 80°2812".</p><br>
<h2>Approaches to Pancha-Chuli</h2><br>
<p>Eastern approach: via the Sona Glacier and Meola Glacier.</p><br>
<p>Western approach: through the Uttari Balati Glacier via Balati Plateau.</p><br>
<p>The Boring Lava Field is an extinct Plio-Pleistocene volcanic field zone with at least 32 cinder cones and small shield volcanoes lying within a radius of 13 miles  of Kelly Butte, which is approximately 4 miles  east of downtown Portland, Oregon, in the United States. The name is derived from the town of Boring, Oregon, which lies just to the southeast of the most dense cluster of lava vents. The zone became active at least 2.7 million years ago, and has been extinct for about 300,000 years.</p><br>
<p>The Portland metropolitan area, including suburbs, is one of the few places in the continental United States to have extinct volcanoes within a city&#39;s limits; Bend, Oregon is another; for example Pilot Butte is a 500 foot high cinder cone located within the Bend city limits.</p><br>
<h2>Oregon vents</h2><br>
<p>The following vents are in Oregon:</p><br>
<p>Chamberlain Hill - Elevation 890 ft</p><br>
<p>Cook&#39;s Butte - Elevation 718 ft</p><br>
<p>Highland Butte - Elevation 1,594 ft (near Beavercreek, Oregon)</p><br>
<p>Kelly Butte - Elevation 400 ft (near the interchange of SE Powell Boulevard and I-205 in Portland)</p><br>
<p>Larch Mountain - Elevation 4,061 ft</p><br>
<p>Powell Butte - Elevation 614 ft</p><br>
<p>Rocky Butte - Elevation 612 ft (stone tower with outstanding view of Portland)</p><br>
<p>Ross Mountain - Elevation 1,380 ft</p><br>
<p>Swede Hill - Elevation 995 ft</p><br>
<p>Mount Scott - Elevation 1,093 ft (named for Harvey W. Scott)</p><br>
<p>Mount Sylvania - Elevation 978 ft</p><br>
<p>Mount Tabor - Elevation 630 ft (center of a large multi-use Portland city park)</p><br>
<p>Mount Talbert - Elevation 715 ft</p><br>
<p>TV Hill - Elevation 1,275 ft</p><br>
<p>Walker Peak - Elevation 2,450 ft</p><br>
<h2>Washington vents</h2><br>
<p>The following vents are in Washington:</p><br>
<p>Battle Ground Lake - Elevation 509 ft (miniature crater lake)</p><br>
<p>Bob&#39;s Mountain - Elevation 2,110 ft (contains intact summit crater)</p><br>
<p>Bob&#39;s Mountain (N) - Elevation 1,775 ft</p><br>
<p>Bob&#39;s Mountain (S) - Elevation 1,690 ft</p><br>
<p>Brunner Hill - Elevation 680 ft (2 vents)</p><br>
<p>Green Mountain - Elevation 804 ft</p><br>
<p>(logged off during World War I)</p><br>
<p>Mount Norway - Elevation 1,111 ft</p><br>
<p>Mount Pleasant - Elevation 1,010 ft</p><br>
<p>Mount Zion - Elevation 1,465 ft</p><br>
<p>Nichol&#39;s Hill - Elevation 1,113 ft</p><br>
<p>Pohl&#39;s Hill - Elevation 1,395 ft</p><br>
<p>Prune Hill (W) - Elevation 555 ft</p><br>
<p>Prune Hill (E) - Elevation 610 ft (overlooks Camas, Washington)</p><br>
<p>Tum-Tum Mountain - Elevation 1,400 ft (located in Chelatchie, Washington)</p><br>
<p>Om Parvat, , close to Adi Kailash mountain, is a mountain in the Himalayan mountain range, lying in the Darchula district of western Nepal and in Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand, India.</p><br>
<h2>Sacred Status</h2><br>
<p>It is considered sacred by Hindus and its snow deposition pattern resembles the sacred OM (ॐ). Its appearance is distinctly similar to Mount Kailash in Tibet. Near Om Parvat lie Parvati Lake and Jonglingkong Lake. Jonglingkong Lake is sacred, as Mansarovar Lake, to the Hindus. Opposite to this peak is a mountain called Parvati Muhar with a pass with the same name. The Om Parvat is disputed between India and Nepal who have not agreed about the border line between the two countries. The Om Parvat is currently on the Indo-Nepalese border face "Om/ॐ" in India and the back of the mountain in Nepal.</p><br>
<h2>Om Parvat and Adi Kailash</h2><br>
<p>The Om Parvat and Adi Kailash (also known as Baba Kailash, Chotta Kailash or Little Kailash) are not one and the same.</p><br>
<p>Om Parvat can be viewed en route to the Kailash Manasarovar Yatra from the last camp below Lipulekh Pass at Nabhidhang India-China border post protected by the Indo-Tibetan Border Police also has Public Works Department guest house on the Indian side. Many trekkers to Adi Kailash often make a diversion to view Om Parvat. Om Parvat is located near Nabhi Dhang camp (Nepal) on Mount Kailash-Lake Manasarovar yatra route.</p><br>
<p>The Adi Kailash or Chhota Kailash is located in a different direction, near Sin La pass and near Brahma Parvat, the base camp of Adi Kailash is 17 km from the Kutti village at sacred Jolingkong Lake with a Hindu Shiva temple.</p><br>
<h2>Adi Kailash Yatra Circuit</h2><br>
<p>The Adi Kailash Yatra Circuit begins by going up the Darma Valley and then going to Kuthi Yankti valley via the Sin La pass to join the Mount Kailash-Lake Manasarovar Tibetan pilgrimage route down the Sharda River.</p><br>
<p>Anderson Lake is located about 25 miles North of the town of Pemberton, British Columbia and is about 28.5 km²  in area and around 21 km  in length. Its maximum depth is 215 meters . It is drained by the Seton River, which feeds Seton Lake and so the Fraser River. It is fed by the Gates River, which drains from the Pemberton Pass divide with the Birkenhead River valley towards Pemberton-Mount Currie.</p><br>
<p>It and Seton Lake were originally the same lake, which was cut in half between ten and twenty thousand years ago by a large landslide from the north face of the Cayoosh Range, which fronts Anderson Lake on the east. The slide created a locality known today as Seton Portage, which combined with the steamer "Lady of The Lake" played a key role on the route of the Douglas Road during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush of 1858-59. At its head, near the mouth of the Gates River, is the community of DArcy, the Statimcets name for which is Nquatqua. Also on the lake is the resort/retirement community of McGillivray Falls (pron. McGill-vah-ree) which served as a relocation centre for Japanese-Canadians during their World War II forced exile from the British Columbia Coast.</p><br>
<p>Overlooking the lake from the north is the southeast flank of the Bendor Range, along the base of which runs the British Columbia Railway, now owned by Canadian National Railways and originally built as the Pacific Great Eastern. Skirting the shoulder of the Bendor Range high above the lake is a powerline road, known as the High Line Road, connecting Darcy to Seton Portage, and from near DArcy a trail traverses the high McGillivray Pass to the gold towns of Bralorne and Pioneer and the rest of the upper Bridge River Country.</p><br>
<p>Pico Bolívar is the highest mountain in Venezuela, at 4,978 metres . Located in Mérida State, its top is permanently covered with névé snow and three small glaciers. It can be reached only by walking; the Mérida cable car, the highest cable car in the world, only reaches Pico Espejo. From there it is possible to climb to Pico Bolívar. The peak is named after the Venezuelan independence hero Simon Bolívar.</p><br>
<p>The Pico Bolívar is located on the mountain previously called La Columna, next to El León (4,743 m) and El Toro (4,695 m). The new name was suggested by Tulio Febres Cordero in 1925. It was officially renamed on December 30, 1934.</p><br>
<h2>Elevation</h2><br>
<p>The height of this prominent Andean peak has been estimated and calculated various times during history. In 1912 one triangular measurement pointed at 5,002 metres. In 1928 came another calcutation at 5,007 metres, which stood as official height for a long time.</p><br>
<p>During the 1990s the scientists Saler and Abad estimated the height, based upon GPS observations to be 4,980.8 metres. However, no validation was made. New GPS measurements were made in 2002, which stated a height of 4,978.4 ±0.4 metres. These more correct findings were published in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The final measurement was made by José Napoleon Hernández from IGVSB; Diego Deiros and Carlos Rodriguez from USB and two guides from Inparques. GPS measurements designed for geodetic network consists of the vertices Pico Bolívar, El Toro, Piedras Blancas, and Mucuñuque Observatory, the latter belonging to the Venezuelan Red Geocentric REGVEN. Measurements were temporally equally long and continuous to ensure a greater volume of data over time to make more consistent and reliable information, five (5) GPS dual frequency receivers were used.</p><br>
<h2>Glacial retreat</h2><br>
<p>During the Merida glaciation in the Pleistocene epoch, the glaciated area had a maximum extent of 600 km and covered mountains with a height of at least 3,000 m. At the end of the glaciation, the area covered by the glaciers progressively shrank, and before the start of the Little Ice Age they had possibly all disappeared.</p><br>
<p>It is estimated that in 1910 the area covered by glaciers was around 10 km, divided in two large areas, one embracing Picos Bolívar, Espejo and Concha and the other embracing Picos Humboldt and Bonpland. Possibly a small glaciated area covered the northwest side of Pico El Toro.</p><br>
<p>Aerial pictures taken in 1952 show the glaciated area had already shrunk to 0.9 km for the Picos Bolívar, Espejo and Concha and to 2.0 km for the Picos Humboldt and Bonpland.</p><br>
<p>In 2003 almost all the glaciers of the area had disappeared, with the exception of a two small glaciated areas (7.48 Ha on Pico Bolívar and 35.81 Ha on Pico Humboldt). It is forecast that at the current rate Venezuela will lose by 2020 all its glaciers, making it the first Andean country without any glaciated area.</p><br>
<p>The Cayoosh Range is the northernmost section of the Lillooet Ranges, which are a subrange of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. The range covers an area of c. 3770 km²  and is approximately 65 km  SW to NE and about 20 km  SE to NW.</p><br>
<p>In some classification systems the Lillooet Ranges are considered to form their own group, rather than being a subdivision of the Pacific Ranges, although the Bendor Range, north of the Cayoosh Range across Anderson Lake, is classified as part of the Pacific Ranges which would tend to imply that the Cayoosh and Lillooet Ranges are as well.</p><br>
<p>The Cayoosh Range is defined by the valley of Cayoosh Creek on the south, which is followed by the Duffey Lake Road section of Highway 99, from Pemberton-Mount Currie to Lillooet, which are at the respective western and eastern ends of the range. Cayoosh Pass, between the head of Duffey Lake and the descent to the Pemberton Valley at Lillooet Lake, was first traversed by a non-native by Sapper James Duffey of the Royal Engineers in 1860, who investigated (then dismissed it) as a possible overland alternative to the Douglas Road. The north flank of the range is the valley of Seton and Anderson Lakes and the Gates River&#39;s divide via Pemberton Pass with the lower valley of the Birkenhead River, which is the far western perimeter of the range.</p><br>
<p>Named peaks in the range are confined the western end of the range, but the higher summits, mostly officially unnamed but well-known to climbers and hikers, are in the eastern part of the range. The western part of the range is coastal-alpine in character, with small glaciers and heavy snowfall. The eastern, higher part of the range verges on the semi-arid climate typical of the Fraser Canyon and the rest of the Interior and has no permanent snowfields or ice, and is known for its beautiful alpine meadows and stunning vistas of the surrounding ranges to the north, south and east.</p><br>
<p>The highest summit is Goat Mountain, a largely unseen peak with an elevation of 2855 m (9367 ft) between the head of Seton Lake and the head of Downton Creek, which is a tributary of Cayoosh Creek. It is the third-highest summit in the Lillooet Ranges after Skihist Mountain and Petlushkwohap Mountain, which are in the Cantilever Range west of Lytton.</p><br>
<p>The second-highest peak in the Cayoosh Range is Mount Marriott at 2735 m (8973 ft), due south of DArcy (Nquatqua); it is not named for the hotel-empire family of the same name but for an RCAF officer who was killed in action in World War II. Other summits include Cayoosh Mountain at 2561 m (8402 ft), Mount Oleg at 2587 m (8488 ft), Saxifrage Mountain at 2501 m (8205 ft), and Mount Rohr at 2423 m (7949 ft).</p><br>
<p>Six Moon Hill is a residential neighborhood that was designed by The Architects&#39; Collaborative  and is located in Lexington, Massachusetts. It consists of a collection of Modern houses on Moon Hill Road and neighboring streets in eastern Lexington, designed and built between 1948 and 1950. The area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>With a focus on collaboration rather than individualism, the TAC approach was applied to all aspects of the community: design, development, construction, and operation. TAC established a nonprofit corporation and bought 20 acre on which to build, which was divided into 29 equally-priced lots of about one-half-acre each. Original house costs were between $10,000 and $22,000. The first houses were designed and built in a modernistic way. The method of design was rectangular, flat-roofed, timber-sided homes, which was typical for residences designed by TAC. The houses are situated on a sloping hill lining a small road that forms a cul-de-sac.</p><br>
<p>Six Moon Hill runs as a consensus-based, collective community in which each member family pays dues and holds two voting shares. Among the original architects (and residents) were Benjamin C. Thompson, Norman C. Fletcher, Jean B. Fletcher, John C. Harkness, Sarah P. Harkness, Robert S. McMillan, Louis A. McMillen, and Richard S. Morehouse. Other notable residents included Nobel chemist Konrad Bloch, Nobel physicist Samuel C.C. Ting, Dr. Thomas C. Chalmers (past president of the Mount Sinai Medical Center), Wallace E. Howell (New York City&#39;s first official "rainmaker"), Robert Newman, (co-founder of Bolt Beranek and Newman), and John C. Sheehan (the first chemist to synthesize penicillin). Art historian Simon Schama lived on Moon Hill between 1981 and 1993, and described it as "a great place for kids and historians" in a 2010 interview with the.</p><br>
<h2>Early years</h2><br>
<p>In 1948, a group of TAC architects were looking to move from their rented lodgings in Cambridge and had the idea of building their own community. They found the land in Lexington during a Sunday ski outing. It was purchased from an auto dealer of the Moon Motor Car, and the project was given the name "Six Moon Hill", a nod to the six automobiles found in a barn on the property. It turned out that one of the cars was a Franklin, but they liked the original name too much to change it.</p><br>
<p>In building Six Moon Hill, the goal was not only to build the houses but also to establish an ideal community. Norman Fletcher, one of the founders of TAC and Six Moon Hill, described the young architects as having been influenced in their ideas by "utopianism and socialism". The egalitarianism of the neighborhood also reflected the philosophy of Walter Gropius and TAC. All members of TAC including Gropius had equal shares, and he insisted that he not be looked at as the president. Of the original TAC founders, only Gropius did not have a house on Moon Hill, having already built his house (Gropius House) in Lincoln, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Recent years</h2><br>
<p>The newest house is dubbed the "Big Dig House", as it is built from remnant construction material used in the Big Dig, a major highway tunnel project in Boston. Owner Paul Pedini (a vice president at the Big Dig&#39;s biggest contractor, Modern Continental) envisioned the house as a conglomerate of such material as concrete roadway decking and spare rebar. Designed by the Boston firm, Single Speed Design, the house is noted for being environmentally friendly and energy-efficient, and won a Metropolis award for innovative design.</p><br>
<p>The Embassy of the United States of America in London is the diplomatic mission of the United States of America in the United Kingdom. Since 1960, it has been located in the London Chancery Building, in Grosvenor Square, Westminster, London. It is the largest American embassy in Western Europe, and is the focal point for events relating to the United States held in the United Kingdom.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The American legation in London was first situated in Great Cumberland Place, later moving to Piccadilly, 98 Portland Place (1863-1866), and 123 Victoria Street in Westminster (1883-1893). The legation was upgraded to an embassy in 1893 and remained at Victoria Street until 1912, when it moved to 4 Grosvenor Gardens in 1912. In 1938, the embassy was moved to 1 Grosvenor Square (Macdonald House) (which now hosts part of the Canadian High Commission). During this time, Grosvenor Square began to accommodate many USA government offices, including the headquarters of General Dwight D. Eisenhower and the European headquarters of the United States Navy. Following World War II, the Duke of Westminster donated land for a memorial to wartime President Franklin D. Roosevelt.</p><br>
<p>The American Embassy London Chancery Building was constructed in the late 1950s, opening in 1960. It was designed by Finnish American modernist architect Eero Saarinen. The building has nine storeys, three of which are below ground. A large gilded aluminum bald eagle by Theodore Roszak, with a wingspan of over 11 metres (35 feet) is situated on the roof of the Chancery Building, making it a recognizable London landmark. In October 2009, the building was granted Grade II listed status. The building has been described as a modernist classic and architectural gem.</p><br>
<h3>Demonstrations</h3><br>
<p>In March 1968, a crowd of some 10,000 demonstrated at Trafalgar Square against US involvement in the Vietnam War, before marching to Grosvenor Square. The Metropolitan Police had attempted to cordon off part of the square nearest to the embassy and there was violence as the crowd broke through the police line. Police horses were used to regain control. 200 demonstrators were arrested and 50 people needed hospital treatment including 25 police officers, one of them with a serious spinal injury. In October of the same year, during a demonstration organised by the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign, a splinter group of 6,000 demonstrators returned to the square. A thousand police officers formed a cordon that the protesters failed to breach and remained relatively peaceful until the crowd began to disperse when there was disorder in the neighbouring streets.</p><br>
<h3>Security concerns</h3><br>
<p>Security at the embassy was tightened in the 1980s and 1990s following successive terrorist attacks on USA embassies and consulates worldwide. However, it was after the September 11 attacks in 2001 that security was significantly increased. A massive security operation at the embassy has seen one side of Grosvenor Square closed to public access by car, and armed roadblocks are stationed outside the building. On August 29, 2002, Kerim Chatty, a Swedish citizen of Tunisian descent, was arrested at the Stockholm-Västerås Airport trying to board a Ryanair Flight 685 destined for London Stansted Airport with a loaded gun in his luggage. Anonymous intelligence sources cited in the media claimed that the man was planning to hijack the aircraft and crash it into the United States embassy in London, using the rooftop eagle to identify it from the air. Sweden&#39;s Security Service, Säpo, denied the claims and called the reports "false information". The man was subsequently cleared of all terrorism-related charges.</p><br>
<p>The security threat against the embassy prompted the USA government to consider moving the embassy. Several British media outlets reported that the USA government had wished to use Kensington Palace as their embassy, which had allegedly had been vetoed by Queen Elizabeth II, as several members of the British Royal Family have their residences there. The embassy "strenuously denied" the reports, and a spokesman for Buckingham Palace reported that no formal request had been made. Another possible option was Chelsea Barracks, for which the USA Embassy put in an unsuccessful bid in February 2007.</p><br>
<h3>Future</h3><br>
<p>On October 8, 2008, the embassy announced a conditional agreement with the real estate developer Ballymore to purchase property for a new embassy site on the south bank of the River Thames in the Nine Elms area of the London Borough of Wandsworth. The site lies within the Vauxhall/Nine Elms/Battersea Opportunity Area as set out in the London Plan. The proposed plan would only go forward if approved by the United States Congress and by the local planning authority. The Northern line extension to Battersea will have new stations at Battersea and Nine Elms—combined with major local development. The United States Department of State announced in January 2009 that it was choosing among nine architectural firms, all "modern" and "upmarket", to replace the ageing embassy headquarters. By law, the architect for a USA embassy must be an American firm with "numerous security clearances".</p><br>
<p>In November 2009, the USA government conditionally agreed to sell the Grosvenor Square Chancery Building to Qatari real-estate investment firm Qatari Diar, which in 2007 purchased the Chelsea Barracks. Though the price was undisclosed, the buildings worth was estimated at £500 million in July 2000. The development value of the property was reduced when the building was given Grade II listed status, requiring developers to maintain its current design. The building is now one of Mayfairs 238 listed buildings and monuments. In 2016 plans were approved for the conversion of the building into a hotel.</p><br>
<p>On February 23, 2010, the USA government announced that a team led by the firm of KieranTimberlake had won the competition to design the new embassy building and surrounding green spaces. The winning design resembles a crystalline cube, with a semi-circular pond on one side (called a "moat" by The Times) and surrounded by extensive public green spaces.</p><br>
<p>Ground was broken on November 13, 2013, and the building is expected to be complete by 2017.</p><br>
<h2>Mission leaders</h2><br>
<h3>Ambassador</h3><br>
<p>The United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom is Woody Johnson, who was confirmed by the Senate on August 3, 2017. He was sworn in by Vice President Mike Pence on August 21, 2017.</p><br>
<h3>Other diplomatic staff</h3><br>
<p>Deputy Chief of Mission, Lewis Lukens. Lukens was Chargé d&#39;affaires at the embassy between the departure of ambassador Matthew Barzun in January 2017 and the arrival of Woody Johnson the following August.</p><br>
<p>Belfast Consul General, Daniel James Lawton</p><br>
<p>Edinburgh Principal Officer, Susan A. Wilson</p><br>
<h2>Embassy sections</h2><br>
<p>Consular Section</p><br>
<p>American Citizen Services</p><br>
<p>Visa Services</p><br>
<p>United States Commercial Service</p><br>
<p>Liaison Office to European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</p><br>
<p>Defense Attaché</p><br>
<p>Foreign Agricultural Service</p><br>
<p>USA Customs and Border Protection</p><br>
<p>Public Affairs</p><br>
<p>Office of Defense Cooperation</p><br>
<p>Department of Homeland Security (Immigration)</p><br>
<p>There are also American consulates general in Belfast and Edinburgh, a Welsh Affairs Office in Cardiff, and a contact centre Glasgow.</p><br>
<p>The Cantilever Range is a subrange of the Lillooet Ranges subgrouping of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains. About 1100 km² in area and about 50 km E-W and 35 km N-S, it is located southwest of Lytton between the valleys of the Stein River  and Kwoiek Creek .</p><br>
<p>The Cantilever Range is the highest sector of the Lillooet Ranges and is crowned by Skihist Mountain, which stands 2968 m (9738 ft), making it the highest mountain in southwestern British Columbia. The next-highest is nearby Petlushkwohap Mountain, standing 2939 m (9642 ft). Most other peaks in the range, which is really a ridge between the two watersheds defining it, are more or less subpeaks of these two.</p><br>
<p>The north flank of the Cantilever Range is in the Stein Valley Nlaka&#39;pamux Heritage Park.</p><br>
<p>The Rocky Mountain Trench, also known as The Valley of a Thousand Peaks or simply the Trench, is a large valley in the northern part of the Rocky Mountains. It is both visually and cartographically a striking physiographic feature extending approximately 1,600 km from Flathead Lake, Montana to the Liard River, just south of the British Columbia-Yukon border near Watson Lake, Yukon. The trench bottom is 3-16 km  wide and ranges from 600-900 metres  above sea level. The general orientation of the Trench is an almost uniform 150/330 degree geographic north vector and has become convenient for north/south aviators.</p><br>
<p>Although some of its topography has been carved into glacial valleys, it is primarily a byproduct of faulting. The Trench separates the Rocky Mountains on its east from the Columbia Mountains and the Cassiar Mountains on its west. It also skirts part of the McGregor Plateau area of the Nechako Plateau sub-area of the Interior Plateau of British Columbia. It is up to 25 km wide, if measured peak-to-peak, and varies in valley relief, but is clearly visible by air and satellite/remote sensing and is easily discernible to those ascending any of the mountains or ridges lining it.</p><br>
<p>The Trench is drained by four major river basins: the Columbia, Fraser, Peace and Liard. Two reservoirs of the Columbia River Treaty fill much of its length today - Lake Koocanusa and Lake Kinbasket. A further British Columbia power initiative created Lake Williston. Rivers that follow the Trench, at least in part, are the Kootenay River, the Columbia River, the Canoe River, the Flathead River, the Fraser River, the Parsnip River, the Finlay River, the Fox River, and the Kechika River. The North Fork of the Flathead River, flowing into Flathead Lake with the other branches of the Flathead River, is part of the Columbia River system. The Kechika is part of the Liard River system, and the Fox, Parsnip and Finlay Rivers and part of the Peace River system. The Canoe River is a short tributary of the Columbia system, draining into Kinbasket Lake, a reservoir on the Columbia River. The Kootenai River, however, does not fully follow the Trench but exits Canada southwest via Lake Koocanusa reservoir to the Libby Dam. The Kootenay (Canadian spelling) River is a tributary of the Columbia, joining the Columbia at Castlegar, BC after a meander through the USA as the Kootenai River (US spelling).</p><br>
<p>For convenience the Rocky Mountain Trench may be divided into two sections, the Northern Rocky Mountain Trench and Southern Rocky Mountain Trench. The dividing point reflects the separation of north and easterly flows to the Arctic Ocean versus south and westerly flows to the Pacific Ocean. A break in the valley system at ~54°N near Prince George, British Columbia may be used for this purpose. The northern portion of the Trench is dominated by strike-slip faulting, while the southern part of the Trench was created by normal faults. Despite differences in timing and faulting styles of the northern and southern portions, they were aligned with each other because faulting for both was controlled by a pre-existing, west-facing, deep basement ramp with over 10 km of vertical offset.</p><br>
<h2>Northern Rocky Mountain Trench</h2><br>
<p>The Northern Rocky Mountain Trench is closely aligned with the Tintina Trench near the British Columbia-Yukon border at 60 degrees north latitude, and the two trenches could arguably be classified as one and the same - or extensions of each other. The Tintina Trench extends further north-westward through the Yukon into Alaska. The visible expression of the two trenches is lost where they plunge under the boreal forests of the Liard Plain proximate to the small communities of Watson Lake, Yukon and Lower Post, BC. The highest point in the northern Trench is Sifton Pass at an elevation of about 1010 metres near the bend of Scarcity Creek.</p><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>Right-lateral strike-slip movement of the Tintina Fault on the Tintina-Northern Rocky Mountain Trench may have begun during the middle Jurassic. The fastest rates of slip probably occurred during two pulses in the middle Cretaceous and early Cenozoic, respectively, with the latter probably occurring during the Eocene. Between 750 km to &gt; 900 km of total right-lateral movement has occurred, of which 450 km of offset has occurred since the mid-Cretaceous. The end result is that terrains to the west of the fault system have moved toward the north. In the context of plate tectonics, strike-slip movement of the Tintina Fault on the Tintina-Northern Rocky Mountain Trench is also related to strike-slip movement along the San Andreas Fault, the extension of the Basin and Range Province, and other extensional or strike-slip fault systems in western North America. The Tintina Fault is one of the two major fault zones paralleling the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, the other being the Denali Fault in the Yukon, the USA state of Alaska and along the British Columbia Coast.</p><br>
<h3>History and accessibility</h3><br>
<p>First Nations have traditionally always travelled the northern Trench. There are several epic post-European contact travels up the northern Trench - often of legendary proportion. But the Trench here remains mostly wild, and the northern 300 km is essentially unroaded despite a few cat trails for fire, outfitters, or logging. This wildland is a credit to several turns of fate and arguably strategic administrative decisions since 1824. The most natural of all land transportation corridors in northern British Columbia has been left in a wild state. On many government maps produced since 1897, indications of a passable trail have been published. However, with changes in beaver dams, forest fires, despite maintenance by guide-outfitters, the trail from Fox Lake north is often hard to find, or obliterated to all but indigenous and experienced Kaska natives.</p><br>
<p>The northern trench is however an undisputed aviation route today.</p><br>
<p>The northern trench from the Highway 97 bridge on the Parsnip River has routes on both sides of Williston Reservoir to Fort Ware. The route up the east side cannot be followed due to the Peace Reach of the reservoir. The road traveler will use the gravel road up the west side of the Reservoir to Ware. Beyond that point the northbound traveller will only find a narrow for a few kilometres.</p><br>
<p>The Kaska Dena culture of Fort Ware and Lower Post refer to their ancestral use of the 300 km natural route as The Trail of The Ancient Ones. They also call it the Davie Trail honoring David Braconnier, the founding chief of the community at Ware (Fort Ware - originally called Kwadacha which the HBC named Whitewater Post)</p><br>
<p>1797 - John Finlay records the forks of the Finlay and Parsnip Rivers and ventures part way up each river. The Finlay River later comes to bear his name.</p><br>
<p>1823 to 1825 - Samuel Black was sent by the HBC north through Finlay Forks to The Fox River (Kwadacha) and returned later that season. He narrowly missed being the first white person to go all the way up the Northern Trench to the Liard River but chose not to listen to his guide - heading north westward seeking the source of the Finlay River instead. He travels far enough NW to discover the headwaters of another Trench tributary - The Turnagain River. Natives there find a marker left by Black and report it to historic Fort Halkett on the Liard River.</p><br>
<p>1831 - John Macleod of the HBC records the mouth of the Kechika River emptying out of the northern end of the Trench into the Liard near the BC-Yukon border.</p><br>
<p>1872 - Capt. William F. Butler ascends part of the Finlay River and records both the Fox River and Fox Lake to the north (Ft. Ware / Kwadacha was not yet established.)</p><br>
<p>1897 to 1898 – The Canadian government sends a police patrol under Inspector Moodie to map a possible supply route from the Peace River to the Yukon - specifically Dawson City. The patrol, assumed to have perished, eventually arrived at Fort Sekirk. They proved the viability of the route and produced a surviving map of it. (Yukon Archives)</p><br>
<p>1898 – McGregors book The Klondike Rush Though Edmonton summarizes various sources (papers) saying up to 45 parties were reported along the route from Fox River to Sylvestres Landing. There was also a reported drive of cattle on this route (echoed in Moodie&#39;s reports and in Kaska oral history.)</p><br>
<p>1906 – A North West Mounted Police patrol under field supervision of Inspector Constantine began the construction of the Police Trail westward from Hudson Hope and then northward up the Northern Trench from HBC&#39;s post at Fort Graham.</p><br>
<p>1907 - British Columbia Premier R. McBride intervened and asked Canada to direct the police resources to connect with the more westerly Telegraph Trail route. Under protest, the NWMP field team did so. That trail was soon abandoned due to its non-viable character. The political route departure from Fort Graham westward added 400 rugged snowy kilometres to the total distance without going any favorable ground or measurable distance closer to the north. The Davie Trail is noted to be excellent for wintering horse due to low snow accumulations.</p><br>
<p>1912 - British Columbia Magazine - prospector Bower reports Sifton Pass as the most eventual and most practicable for a railway form the Fraser River to the Yukon.</p><br>
<p>1914 - Premier McBride advocates a railway on Insp. Moodies route according to B. Kenelly in a pamphlet The British Columbia Peace. Fort St John&#39; 1936.</p><br>
<p>1926 - Whitewater Post is established by HBC. Whitewater is the translation of Kwadacha, a nearby river.</p><br>
<p>1930 to 1931 - British Columbia Department of Public Works investigates a road route over Sifton Pass.</p><br>
<p>1934 - Charles Bedaux, a noted international workplace management consultant (time and motion studies) leads and finances the Bedaux Expedition - formally known as the Bedaux Canadian Subarctic Expedition. While his advance scouts arrive at McDame Post near Good Hope Lake, the leader and entourage abandon their mission at Driftpile Creek due to fatigue, lack of horse feed, and impending winter. The controversial adventure is the subject of a 1995 Bedaux film biography titled Champagne Safari.</p><br>
<p>1942 - February a final decision was reached regarding the A, B, and C routes for a northern Highway. It will connect the North West Staging Route airfields and bypass the Northern Trench for the joint Canada-Alaska Highway Alcan Highway, alternately Alaska Highway. The three routes had been the subject of considerable economic competition between governments and communities since the Klondike Gold Rush. The A route was a Stikine option similar to Highway 37 of today. The B route favors the Trench option. The C route following the airfields east of the Rocky Mountains and then crossing to the west near the Liard River is the chosen route.</p><br>
<p>1942 - March 28 the American government initiates a highly secret survey. It was undertaken for the purpose of assessing a military railway link up the Northern Rocky Mountain Trench. It was completed on Sept 28. Nov 15 US General Somervell declines to proceed with a military railway. Canada&#39;s Major Charles presents drawings for the Northern Trench portion of a railway from Ware to Lower Post of 218.5 miles, $112,000,000 cost, with 17,000 personnel over 400 days. Of the 1217 total miles of proposed railway to Alaska, 530 are on Canadian soil and lie within the Northern Rocky Mountain Trench or the Tintina Trench.</p><br>
<p>1949 - US Congress Public Law 391 authorises a location survey for a railway from Prince George to Fairbanks. Prince George Board of Trade advocates the Trench route - the B route.</p><br>
<p>1950 - October, Canadian Transport Minister Lionel Chevrier advocates the 1942 route in a secret document to Federal Cabinet. A budget of $750,000,000 is presented.</p><br>
<p>1953 - Whitewater Post or Kwadacha of the HBC closes. Today the Kaska Dena Community of Fort Ware (Ware) remains as a full-time settlement.</p><br>
<p>1957 - Swedish industrial savant Axel Wenner-Gren advocates resource mega-developments for the Peace River area. Among his proposals he envisions a monorail up the Northern Trench. Some area proposals came to partial fruition but the monorail did not.</p><br>
<p>1960 to 1967 - The Government of BC declines the Northern Trench as their strategic railway choice, favoring instead a route to the west similar to the telegraph route. Part of the reason is that the Lower Finlay and Parsnip River portions of the Northern Trench would be flooded by the damming of the Peace River. Reservoir land acquisition commences. Their selected westerly rail route - the Dease Lake Extension along the A Route - has been, in part, abandoned, and in lesser part been reopened to Takla Siding for logging use.</p><br>
<p>1964 - US Congress tables the NAWAPA proposal by Parsons Engineering Group - would see flooding of the portions of the Trench as part of a continental-scale water diversion.</p><br>
<p>1971 - Sir Ranulph Fiennes descends the Trench from Kechika mouth - mostly on foot, partly solo as part of his circum-polar expedition. For this and other feats he is later recorded by Guinness Book of Records as the Worlds Greatest Living Explorer.&#39;</p><br>
<p>1981 - Skook Davidson; long time outfitter proposes a federal national park in the Northern Trench.</p><br>
<p>1998 - After several years of round table discussions The British Columbia Government takes first legislative steps to establish a provincial Muskwa-Kechika Management Area It covers an area considerably larger than the floor of the Trench and its immediate tributaries.</p><br>
<p>1999 - Karsten Heuer completes the final section of the Y2Y hike (Yellowstone to Yukon) at Lower Post</p><br>
<p>2000 - Extension of the Muskwa-Kechika Management Area into the Northern Trench. Much of the Northern Rocky Mountain Trench&#39;s furthest reach is within this British Columbia Protected Area. Significant exposure is given to the M-KMA in the November 2008 National Geographic Magazine as a follow-up to their partial funding of a recent expedition to Gataga Pass.</p><br>
<p>In 2009 context the Northern Trench could have, and might yet, become the preferred route for the 120-year-old concept of a Canada Alaska Railway concept. Discussions among feasibility experts still do not seem to favor the B Route despite it being lower, more direct, fewer major river crossings and considerably less snow.</p><br>
<h2>Southern Rocky Mountain Trench</h2><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>The Southern Rocky Mountain Trench was created mainly by Cenozoic-aged extension (normal faulting). What little strike-slip movement that is found in the southern trench is not considered significant. The extensional faulting was nonetheless substantial, having extended as deep as 13.5 km. The southern trench also differs from the northern trench in that it is more sinuous and is asymmetrical in cross-section (perpendicular to its length). The western side of the Southern Rocky Mountain Trench is more subdued and irregular than the east side. During late Paleozoic to Mesozoic time, rapid sediment deposition and subsidence to the west transitioned in the area of the modern Rocky Mountain Trench into a stable continental shelf in the east. The Nevadan Orogeny destroyed the western wedge of sedimentary rocks during Jurassic to middle Cretaceous time, thrusting them up into metamorphic fold belts. Currently, strata on either side of the Southern Rocky Mountain Trench consist mainly of Precambrian and Paleozoic metasedimentary and sedimentary rocks. Within the trench are unconsolidated Cenozoic sandstones and conglomerates.</p><br>
<p>The aforementioned basement ramp along which orogeny-related thrust faulting and subsequent strike-slip and normal faulting occurred is probably associated with the ancient continental shelf of Paleozoic and Mesozoic time.</p><br>
<h3>Geography</h3><br>
<p>The southern Rocky Mountain Trench comprises approximately one half of the Trench in British Columbia and includes three regions, the Robson Valley, Columbia Valley and East Kootenay (from north to south). It hosts communities at McBride, Dunster, Tete Jaune, Valemount, Canoe, Donald, Golden, Spillmacheen, Brisco, Edgewater, Radium, Athalmer, Invermere, Windermere, Fairmont, Canal Flats, Skookumchuck, Wasa, Fort Steele, Wardner, Jaffray, Elko and Grasmere. It hosts two major reservoirs - Kinbasket Lake, and Lake Koocanusa (an acronym of Kootenay/Canada/USA.) There are intersections with two other trench features. At the approximate midpoint of Kinbasket Lake, the now submerged Columbia River exits the Trench in an almost southerly direction toward Revelstoke and flows beyond to its point of exit from Canada south of Trail BC. West of Donald BC, the Beaver river flows in from the south - but it represents the intersection of the lesser but impressive feature called the Purcell Trench. The Purcell Trench as it proceeds southward becomes the valley of the Duncan River and Duncan and Kootenay Lakes.</p><br>
<p>There are four geographic segments of the Southern Rocky Mountain Trench:</p><br>
<p>The segment of the Trench encompassing the uppermost court of the Fraser River from east of Prince George and continuing southeastward to the town of Valemount is known as the Robson Valley, named after Mount Robson which overlooks its southern end. Valemount is the Westerly portal to the Yellowhead Pass.</p><br>
<p>From Valemount and Canoe Southeastward to the eastern egress of Rogers Pass at Donald, BC just north of the town of Golden the Trench cradles the waters of Kinbasket Lake the reservoir created by Mica Dam; this region before the reservoir was part of the route of the Interprovincial highway, once known as the Big Bend Highway, prior to the 1960s opening of the Roger&#39;s Pass section of the Trans-Canada.</p><br>
<p>The Trench from Golden extending SE to the headwaters of the Columbia River at Columbia Lake is known as the Columbia Valley. Golden is the westerly portal to the Kicking Horse Pass on Highway #1 eastbound to Alberta.</p><br>
<p>The southernmost Canadian part of the Trench is the core of a region known as the East Kootenay, comprising the upper of the two Canadian portions of the valley of the Kootenay River. Here, near Cranbrook, British Columbia, the Trench is much wider than to the northwest, forming more of a broad basin than the U-shaped valley which typifies most of the Trench elsewhere from Columbia Lake northwards to the Liard. This segment bifurcates near Wasa 100 km north of the US border. The off-shooting western fork contains the City of Cranbrook affords access to the nearby City of Kimberley. Elko is the westerly portal to the Crowsnest Pass on Highway 3 eastbound to Alberta.</p><br>
<p>The southward transborder extension of the Trench into Montana is the primary containment for Lake Koocanusa, a Kootenay River reservoir created by the Libby Dam near Libby, Montana.</p><br>
<h3>Culture and economy</h3><br>
<p>The large valley and tributaries have always offered an economy based on ranching and logging. This has been supplemented by fortuitous locations of several mines - often in side valleys and producing lead, zinc, coal and gypsum. The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) also constructed a spur line which extends northward up the southern Trench between Cranbrook and Golden. This serves to interconnect the southerly rail route of the Crowsnest Pass to the CPR mainline through Rogers Pass. Today it carries Crowsnest coal to Tsawwassen for export. A southerly rail-link through Yahk enables freight shipments into Idaho and the Western US.</p><br>
<p>Tourism has become an active force in the economy. The Southern Trench is also known for a number of ski resorts in the trench or in the nearby tributary valleys. These destinations include Fairmont, Panorama, Kimberley, Purden, Kicking Horse and the original Bugaboo heli-ski lodge. Numerous other ski touring and back country lodges are also found here. The summer sports of golf, boating, fishing, and hiking round out the appeal to a growing weekend and permanent recreational population.</p><br>
<p>Hunting, fishing, off-roading, and camping will continue to be attractive pastimes. These include guided activities and individual pursuit of the area.</p><br>
<p>The generous mix of low elevation, good climate, fine scenery, diverse recreation and resort accommodation has fostered a vacation-based real estate industry for communities and rural areas surrounding Cranbrook, Windermere, Invermere, Radium, and Golden. There are many other local unincorporated communities and post offices.</p><br>
<h2>Settlements and localities</h2><br>
<p>The Trench hosts only a few present day communities. From north to south they are:</p><br>
<p>Lower Post, British Columbia</p><br>
<p>Fort Ware (Kwadacha)</p><br>
<p>Ingenika Point</p><br>
<p>Mesilinka</p><br>
<p>Fort Grahame</p><br>
<p>Mackenzie, British Columbia</p><br>
<p>Holmes River, British Columbia</p><br>
<p>McBride, British Columbia</p><br>
<p>Tête Jaune Cache, British Columbia</p><br>
<p>Valemount, British Columbia</p><br>
<p>Boat Encampment</p><br>
<p>Golden, British Columbia</p><br>
<p>Radium Hot Springs, British Columbia</p><br>
<p>Invermere, British Columbia</p><br>
<p>Fairmont Hot Springs, British Columbia</p><br>
<p>Kimberley, British Columbia</p><br>
<p>Cranbrook, British Columbia</p><br>
<p>Eureka, Montana</p><br>
<p>Whitefish, Montana</p><br>
<p>Kalispell, Montana</p><br>
<p>The Bauges Mountains  is a mountain range in eastern France, stretching from the city of Annecy to the city of Chambéry, which is part of the French Prealps.</p><br>
<h2>Major peaks</h2><br>
<p>The Bauges have 14 summits above 2,000 m:</p><br>
<p>Arcalod, 2,217 m, highest point in the range</p><br>
<p>Sambuy, 2,198 m</p><br>
<p>Pécloz, 2,197 m</p><br>
<p>Trélod, 2,181 m</p><br>
<p>Pointe de Chaurionde, 2,173 m</p><br>
<p>Mont d’Armenaz, 2,158 m</p><br>
<p>Pointe des Arces, 2,076 m</p><br>
<p>Mont de la Coche, 2,070 m</p><br>
<p>Dent de Cons, 2,064 m</p><br>
<p>Pointe des Arlicots, 2,060 m</p><br>
<p>Mont Colombier, 2,043 m</p><br>
<p>Dent d’Arclusaz, 2,040 m</p><br>
<p>Grand Parra, 2,012 m</p><br>
<p>Other noteworthy summits include:</p><br>
<p>Semnoz, 1,699 m, above Annecy</p><br>
<p>Nivolet, 1,547 m, above Chambéry</p><br>
<p>Mont Revard, 1,562 m, above Aix-les-Bains</p><br>
<p>Newry River and River Clanrye  are names for one of the rivers of Ireland. The river passes through the city of Newry and empties into Carlingford Lough near Warrenpoint.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river, which runs through Newry, forms the historic border between County Armagh and County Down. Some maps call the portion downstream from Newry to the Lough the &#39;Newry River&#39; and the portion upstream of Newry the &#39;Clanrye&#39; (as it curls around to its sources in the foothills of the Mourne Mountains in Ulster), but not all sources make this distinction.</p><br>
<p>While the Newry River flows under the famous Newry Town Hall, according to the Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland,http://www.bing.com/maps/?lvl=13&cp=53.9991743373788~-6.31066487093964&FORM=MMREDR the Clanrye breaks away from the Newry River near Drummillar. The Clanrye then progresses under the main Belfast to Dublin A1 road at Sheepbridge and onward toward the Mayobridge Road at the Crown Bridges and Ashtree Cottages. According to local tradition, however, the entire waterway is known as the Clanrye.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The word &#39;Clanrye&#39; comes from the Irish An Gleann Rí meaning The King&#39;s Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Saint Patrick</h2><br>
<p>During one of Saint Patrick&#39;s exploratory missions to Ireland he set up camp on a sandy stretch of the Clanrye River. Whilst settling himself there he took the decision to plant a yew tree symbolising Ireland’s growing and strengthening faith. It is this story which gave Newry its name, Iúr Cinn Trá: the yew tree at the head of the strand (although this part of the riverbank does not resemble a beach today). A monastery, later replaced in 1144 by a Cistercian Abbey,http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/irish/blas/education/beginnersblas/4newry.shtml grew up around this yew.</p><br>
<p>El Fuerte de Samaipata or Fort Samaipata, also known simply as "El Fuerte", is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Florida Province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. It is situated in the eastern foothills of the Bolivian Andes and is a popular tourist destination for Bolivians and foreigners alike. It is served by the nearby town of Samaipata. The archaeological site at El Fuerte is unique as it encompasses buildings of three different cultures: Chanè, Inca, and Spanish.</p><br>
<p>Although called a fort, Samaipata had also a religious, ceremonial, and residential function. Its construction was probably begun by the Chané, a pre-Inca people of Arawak origin. There are also ruins of an Inca plaza and residences, dating from the late 15th and early 16th centuries as the Inca empire expanded eastward from the Andes highlands into the sub-tropical foothills. Chané, Inca, and Spanish all suffered raids from Guarani (Chiriguano) warriors who also settled in the region. The Guarani conquered the plains and valleys of Santa Cruz and occupied the Samaipata area. The Guaranis dominated the region well into the Spanish colonial period.</p><br>
<p>The Spaniards built a settlement at Samaipata fort, and there are remains of buildings of typical Arab Andalusian architecture. The Spaniards soon abandoned the fort and moved to a nearby valley, establishing the town of Samaipata in 1618.</p><br>
<h2>Incas</h2><br>
<p>The site of Samaipata was occupied as a ritual and residential area about 300 CE by the Chané of the Mojocoyas period (200 to 800 CE). They began shaping the great rock that is the ceremonial center of the Samaipata ruin.</p><br>
<p>According to a 17th-century Spanish chronicler, Diego Felipe de Alcaya, the Incas, probably late in the reign of Tupac Yupanqui (ruled 1471-1493), began the incorporation of the Samaipata area into the empire. A relative of Yupanqui&#39;s named Guacane led an Inca army to the area and with elaborate gifts persuaded the local leader, whose title was Grigota, and his 50,000 subjects to submit to Inca rule. Guacane established his capital at Samaipata or Sabay Pata on a mountain top at an elevation of 1,900 m. Samaipata means "the heights of rest" in the Quechua language spoken by the Inca.</p><br>
<p>Samaipata was an Inca administrative, ceremonial, and religious center. As with other Inca administrative centers on the frontiers of the empire (such as Oroncota), Samaipata was protected by outlying fortresses. One has been located about 50 km to the east called La Fortaleza. The ruins of the fort are on a mountaintop overlooking the lowlands around the present-day city of Santa Cruz. Another fortress. location unknown, called Guanacopampa protected a mine at Saypurú or Caypurum, location also unknown. The Samaipata area was one of the most isolated and easternmost areas of the Inca Empire.</p><br>
<p>According to Alcayas account, Guacane and Grigota were killed in an attack by the Guarani people called Chiriguanos by the Spanish. The Chiriguanos were advancing from the lowlands into the Andes foothills. A counterattack by the Incas failed to dispossess the Chiriguanos who remained to settle in Samaipata and its vicinity. An Inca building destroyed by fire at Samaipata gives credence to this story. The date of the war is uncertain, although many authorities date the beginning of Chiriguano attacks on the Incas eastern frontiers to the 1520s.</p><br>
<p>The Spanish, along with Inca supporters, may have used Samaipata as a fortress and base camp as early as the 1570s, but formal Spanish settlement began in 1615 while the Chiriguanos were still threatening. A Spanish house is among the ruins.Meyers, Albert (2005), "Incas, Españoles y el Paytiti: la perspectiva desde el “Fuerte de Sabaypata”, Oriente de Bolivia."</p><br>
<p>Archivio per L’Antropologia e la Etnologia, V.CXXXV (Atti del Convegnio Internazionale Nuove Prospettive negli Studi Andini), 167-168. accessed 25 Sep 2016&#39; Meyes and Ulbert.</p><br>
<p>Samaipata was officially founded in 1618</p><br>
<h2>The site</h2><br>
<p>The Samaipata archaeological site of about 20 hectare is divided into two parts: a ceremonial sector and an administrative/residential sector. Some of the construction of the Inca were built on earlier structures of the Chané.</p><br>
<p>The ceremonial sector is in the northern part of the site. It is about 220 m by 60 m and consists mostly of a large rock saddle almost completely covered with carvings of both Inca and pre-Inca origin. The carvings include a variety of geometric and animal figures, walls, niches, and long canal-like carvings called "the spine of the serpent" or "el cascabel" (the rattle). Although not the most visually spectacular, the most important part of the ceremonial sector is the "coro de los sacerdotes" (choir of the priests) at the highest point of the rock. This consists of 18 niches, probably used as seats for individuals, carved into the rock. At the bottom of the rock are 21 carved rectangular niches which may have served as residences for priests or for the storage of ceremonial items. Other niches and alcoves are scattered around the ruin.</p><br>
<p>The residential and administrative center makes up the southern part of the site. Samaipata may have been an Incan provincial capital and has all the infrastructure associated with that status. The most prominent feature is a large trapezoidal plaza about 100 m on each side bordered on the south by a "kallanka," a rectangular building typical of Inca cities and symbolizing Incan political power. The kallanka, 70 m in length and 16 m wide was used for public gatherings, feasts, and housing visitors and soldiers. The kallanka at Samaipata is the second largest in Bolivia, but apparently construction was interrupted as the drainage canal and thatched roof were not completed.</p><br>
<p>Also in this sector is the Acllahuasi, a nunnery for women chosen to weave textiles for the Incas, become wives of Inca nobles, participate in ceremonies, and, on occasion, be sacrificed in religious ceremonies. The existence of an Acllahuasi was typical of important Inca settlements.</p><br>
<h2>Protection</h2><br>
<p>Due to damage caused by visitors walking on the symbols cut into the rock and by erosion caused by water, the inner area is cordoned off to prevent more damage. However most of it can still be viewed.</p><br>
<p>Access to the site is easy; many operators run buses from nearby Samaipata. There is a small entrance charge. The site is under the care of Stonewatch, which is a non profit society and academy for conservation and documentation of rock art.</p><br>
<p>Cape Sorell is a headland located in the Southern Ocean outside Macquarie Harbour on the West Coast of Tasmania, Australia. The cape and the Cape Sorell Lighthouse, located above the headland, are important orientation points for all vessels entering the Macquarie Heads and then through Hells Gates at the entrance to the harbour.</p><br>
<p>Cape Sorrell is named in honour of William Sorell, Lieutenant-Governor of Tasmania from 1817 to 1824.</p><br>
<h2>Lighthouse</h2><br>
<h2>Macquarie Heads breakwater railway</h2><br>
<h2>Waverider Buoy</h2><br>
<p>The Cape Sorell Waverider Buoy, also known as Captain Fathom as named by the listeners of ABC Radio, Tasmania during the May 2015 to mark the centenary of the Bureau of Meteorology, is a swell-measuring buoy located west of Cape Sorell some 10 km west of Ocean Beach (42&deg;12&prime;S latitude, 145&deg;03&prime;E longitude). It is unique in that it is one of the few wave-riding swell measuring buoys close to land in the region within the Roaring Forties of the Southern Ocean apart from those in New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>Originally known as the Strahan Waverider Buoy, it was deployed in January 1998 and had recorded maximum waves of 18 m within the first three months of operation. The Strahan buoy was supported by CMR which provides the moorings, and the Strahan fishing community which provides the resources to deploy and recover the buoy. Earlier CSIRO- funded wave-measuring buoys were installed on the area in the period 1985 to 1993, utilising the locations of Cape Sorell, Cape Grim and Storm Bay as the locations. The Storm Bay location concluded in December 1993.</p><br>
<p>The table and graph of the range of the swells is readily available on the internet links listed below. This link is sometimes displayed in the boats that conduct cruises across Macquarie Harbour and up Gordon River, as a means of illustrating the strength and intensity of the swells that meet Ocean Beach.</p><br>
<p>Winter swells range on average from 4 to 10 m. However it is claimed that the buoy broke its moorings on a 23 m swell within the last decade. The buoy retained its mooring on 21 September 2006 when it reached a spike of 19.5 m which was claimed to be the highest measured wave in Australian waters. However this measurement has been modified due to the buoy&#39;s behaviour at the time of the measurement, and it is more likely to have been half that measurement. On 16 September 2010 the swell measured up to 18.4 m in extreme weather.</p><br>
<p>Captured research data into the record that includes this buoy is used to look at climate change.</p><br>
<p>Kelly Basin is a bay on the south eastern side of Macquarie Harbour on the West Coast of Tasmania.</p><br>
<p>It was named after James Kelly an early explorer of the Tasmanian coastline.</p><br>
<p>It was the location of the terminus of the North Mount Lyell Railway, and the ghost town of Pillinger.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1890s when John Watt Beattie was showing his photographs of the west coast country to Hobart and Launceston audiences, it was designated as Kelly&#39;s Basin.</p><br>
<p>The North Mount Lyell Railway close in the 1920s, and the former railway formation - known as &#39;Kelly Basin Road&#39; was the land route to access the area.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s following the failure of the Franklin Dam project to proceed - parts of the Kelly Basin and Bird River area became part of reserves associated with the western boundary of the new South West World Heritage Wilderness area.</p><br>
<p>In the Southwest National Park, and as part of the body of water known as Port Davey, is a feature with a very similar name of James Kelly Basin</p><br>
<p>Lake Sibhayi, also known as Lake Sibaya, a freshwater lake in South Africa, with a surface area of 64 km². The lake is also wrongly known as Sibaya or Sibayi.</p><br>
<p>The lake is located in the Maputaland, or Umhlabuyalingana, area of KwaZulu-Natal, on the east coast of South Africa.</p><br>
<p>It is part of the Greater St. Lucia Wetland Park and is recognised under the Ramsar Convention as a "Wetland of International Importance" on 28 June 1991. In December 1999, the Greater St. Lucia Wetland Park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and it was renamed the iSimangaliso Wetland Park in 2009.</p><br>
<p>279 bird species have been identified at Lake Sibhayi.</p><br>
<p>The Mseleni Water Project and Mbazwana Water Supply Scheme both get their water from Lake Sibhayi.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Lake Sibaya Lodge is situated on the northern shores of the lake. It is an upmarket lodge with 16 chalets.</p><br>
<p>Between Lake Sibhayi and the Indian Ocean is Mabibi. Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife run a campsite and chalets. There is also a private lodge - Thonga Beach Lodge.</p><br>
<p>The popular beach resort of Sodwana Bay is nearby.</p><br>
<h2>Basic Data</h2><br>
<p>Area 77 km²</p><br>
<p>Maximum Depth 43m</p><br>
<p>Average Depth 12m</p><br>
<p>Elevation 20m AMSL</p><br>
<p>Location</p><br>
<p>27° 15 S - 27° 25 S and 32° 32 E - 32° 44 E</p><br>
<p>The Jeita Grotto  is a system of two separate, but interconnected, karstic limestone caves spanning an overall length of nearly 9 km. The caves are situated in the Nahr al-Kalb valley within the locality of Jeita, 18 km north of the Lebanese capital Beirut. Though inhabited in prehistoric times, the lower cave was not rediscovered until 1836 by Reverend William Thomson; it can only be visited by boat since it channels an underground river that provides fresh drinking water to more than a million Lebanese.</p><br>
<p>In 1958, Lebanese speleologists discovered the upper galleries 60 m above the lower cave which have been accommodated with an access tunnel and a series of walkways to enable tourists safe access without disturbing the natural landscape. The upper galleries house the world&#39;s largest known stalactite. The galleries are composed of a series of chambers the largest of which peaks at a height of 120 m.</p><br>
<p>Aside from being a Lebanese national symbol and a top tourist destination, the Jeita grotto plays an important social, economic and cultural role in the country. It was one of top 14 finalists in the New 7 Wonders of Nature competition.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Jeita cave is situated at the center of the western flanks of the Lebanon mountains, more specifically in the Nahr al-Kalb valley, its natural entrance is about 100 m above sea level. It&#39;s located 5 km east of the Mediterranean coastline and 18 km north of Beirut within the confines of the municipality of Jeita, in the caza of Keserwan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ancient vestiges of a foundry were found in a smaller cave near the Nahr al-Kalb river, suggesting that the cave was used in antiquity to produce swords.</p><br>
<p>The modern discovery of the underground river of Jeita in 1836 is credited to Reverend William Thomson (an American missionary) who ventured some 50 m into the cave. Reaching the underground river, he fired a shot from his gun and the resulting echoes convinced him that he had found a cavern of major importance.</p><br>
<p>In 1873 W.J. Maxwell and H.G. Huxley, engineers with the Beirut Water Company, and their friend Reverend Daniel Bliss, president of the Syrian Protestant College (later the American University of Beirut) explored these caverns. In two expeditions carried out in 1873 and 1874, they penetrated 1,060 m into the grotto before finding their progress blocked by an underground waterfall. The waterfall became known as "Hells Rapids", as the torrents break onto razor sharp rocks. Dr. Bliss, Mr. Maxwell and the other engineers recorded their names and the year on "Maxwells Column", a great limestone pillar some 625 m from the entrance. About 200 m further on, in the so-called "Pantheon", they wrote their names and details of the expedition on paper, sealed it in a bottle and placed it on top of a stalagmite. The lime-impregnated water has since covered the bottle with a thin white film, permanently fixing it to the stone.</p><br>
<p>Between 1892 and 1940 further expeditions were carried out by English, American and French explorers. Their expeditions brought them to a depth of 1,750 m.</p><br>
<p>Since the 1940s, Lebanese explorers have pushed even deeper into the Jeita grotto. Many of these spelunkers are members of the Speleo Club du Liban (Lebanese Caving Club) founded in 1951 by the first Lebanese speleologist Lionel Ghorra. Their expeditions revealed a great underground system which is now explored to an overall length of nearly 9 km.</p><br>
<p>In 1958 the lower caverns were opened to the public, meanwhile exploration was still underway mainly by the Lebanese Caving Club. This exploration led to the discovery of the elevated dry branch of the grotto later referred to as the upper galleries.</p><br>
<p>In 1962, the Spéléo Club contributed to a study of the upper galleries aiming to provide an access tunnel which was to be dug for touristic development purposes. Work on the access tunnel was begun in 1968.</p><br>
<p>In 1969, a concert with electronic music by the French composer Francois Bayle was held in the cave to celebrate the inauguration of the upper galleries. This event was organized by the Lebanese artist and sculptor Ghassan Klink. and more recently, in 2008 a classical music concert by Lebanese-Armenian composer and pianist Guy Manoukian</p><br>
<p>The caverns closed to the public due to the Lebanese civil war in 1978 The caves reopened in 1995</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Jeita I (sometimes referred to as Nahr-el-Kelb) is a dry cave, 56 metres deep to the east of the source cave from where the river flows and connected to it by narrow channels. It was first noted in 1833 by Botta and excavated by Godefroy Zumoffen in two positions in 1898, 1900, 1908 and 1910. It was later excavated by Auguste Bergy with materials from both excavations now with the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory, the Archaeological Museum of the American University of Beirut and the private collection of Dr. Gigues. Henri Fleisch noticed an Upper Paleolithic level with further finds including polished Neolithic pieces, primitive potsherds, burned bones and end scrapers. Jacques Cauvin noted similarities in these finds to the Néolithique Moyen period of Byblos. Evidence of later occupation included a Chalcolithic tripod pot found by Father Fleisch and a combed-ware sherd suggested to date to the Early Bronze Age levels at Byblos.</p><br>
<p>Jeita II (Dahr el-Mghara) is a rock shelter situated on a platform, above and equidistant between the dry cave of Jeita I and the entrance to the grotto at Jeita III. Excavations were made by the Duc de Luynes and Lartet in 1864, by Zumoffen in 1900 and 1908 and by Bergy in 1930. A large number of flint tools, bones and hearths were found that were accredited to the Aurignacian. Further excavations were made in 1964 by Francis Hours which revealed much more extensive, deeper and richer deposits than had previously been suspected. Father Hours permitted Lorraine Copeland to disclose that the upper material appeared to display late Upper Paleolithic or early Mesolithic characteristics, probably including Kebaran. Excavation was to be continued but the area was fenced off and owned by the government.</p><br>
<p>Jeita III (The Caverns) was a deposit of brown soil that fell from a location suggested to be at the east end of Jeita II, just inside the entrance to the grotto where the tourists are conducted by boat. It was found in 1963 by the Speleologists Club and excavated by Father Hours. Flint tools found in the deposit were geometric in design and suggested to be a form of Natufian or later Mesolithic than discovered at Jeita II, from where it may have been displaced. Forms of these flints included rectangles with straight or oblique truncation, borers of the "crochet" type, micro-burins, end scrapers, bladelet cores, two transverse arrowheads, crescents and short triangles. Some of the crescents had ridged backs and resembled those found at Nahal Oren. Material is stored with the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory.</p><br>
<p>Jeita IV (Mugharet-el-Mal) is a rock shelter in the cliff upstream from the grotto. It once contained a large quantity of Paleolithic material which has been looted and was deemed unfit for excavation by Sami Karkaby, Director of the Caverns in 1965. Study of the lithic remains at this shelter were hoped to shed further light on the Paleolithic or Mesolithic communities that inhabited the different sites at different times.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Jeita grotto is located within the Lower-Middle Jurassic strata of Keserouane which has a stratigraphic thickness of 1,000 m and consists of dolostone and micritic limestone. The Keserouane formation was exposed to air by a local uplift during the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. The Keserouane strata became karstified after its aerial exposure and then was buried during the Cretaceous. In the Neogene, upon the final uplift of Mount Lebanon, this early karstification phase was reactivated.</p><br>
<p>At the Nahr al-Kalb valley, the impervious Upper Jurassic volcanic rocks and Lower Cretaceous sand slant almost vertically forming a hydrogeological barrier and forcing the outlet of the Jeita underground river to the surface. This barrier could be the reason for the westernmost, large cave chambers with heights exceeding 60 m. Karstification of the Keserouane limestone was further intensified by the steep topography of the area and the volume of precipitation over the Lebanon (more than 1200mm).</p><br>
<p>A ratio of total slope gradient of 1/100 is calculated between the entrance of the cave and its inland extremity. This shows its smooth flat course even though it is sometimes interrupted by several small cascades and rapids. From the west, the Jeita cave starts with large halls and meanders. Through some rapids, the dimension becomes narrower. Going forth, it is spacious with the Thompson’s cavern (250 m long and 60 m wide), Grand Chaos (500 m long) and Mroueh’s Hall (200 m long and 50 m wide). The latter two are floored with collapsed blocks. The cave ends with a Y-shaped pattern, where, each branch ends with a siphon.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Jeita caves are solutional karst caves which have formed over millions of years due to the dissolution of limestone. The limestone is dissolved by carbonic acid charged rain water and groundwater; when the limestone, which is originally waterproof, contains cracks produced by tectonic forces the water oozes into the rock and starts to widen the cracks and solute caves inside the layers. Jeita is the longest cave complex in the Middle East, it sits at 300 m above sea level and has a height difference of 305 m.</p><br>
<p>The Jeita grotto is the longest explored cave in Lebanon. After many years of exploration, speleologists have penetrated about 6,200 m from the entry point of the lower grotto to the far end of the underground river and about 2,130 m of the upper galleries.</p><br>
<h3>Upper cave</h3><br>
<p>The Jeita upper cave has an overall length of 2,130 m of which only 750 m are accessible to visitors via a specially conceived walkway; access to the remainder of the cave was restricted to prevent ecological damage which may occur due to the flocking tourists. The upper cave contains a great concentration of a variety of crystallized formations such as stalactites, stalagmites, columns, mushrooms, ponds, curtains and draperies. The upper gallery is famous for its formations, lit by an effective lighting system. It is entered through a 117 m long concrete tunnel. The part accessible by visitors has three huge chambers. The first is called White Chamber, the second Red Chamber, due to the color of the formations.</p><br>
<p>White dripstones are pure calcite without defilement, the red color is given by iron oxide (rust) in small amounts. In Lebanon iron oxide has a red color instead of the brown beige color which is common in northern countries. The reason is a different chemical reaction caused by the high temperature which produces a different kind of iron oxide.</p><br>
<p>The White Chamber is medium-sized, but has the most impressive formations of the cave. The Red Chamber is up to 106 m high, and 30 m to 50 m wide. The third chamber is the biggest of all three chambers and has a height of more than 120 m.</p><br>
<h3>Lower cave</h3><br>
<p>The lower gallery which has an overall length of 6,200 m Visitors are transported in the lower gallery by electric boats for a distance of 500 m. In winter the lower level is closed, when the water level is too high.</p><br>
<h2>Economic and social importance</h2><br>
<p>Today, the Jeita Grotto is a popular recreational show cave and a major tourist attraction. It hosts approximately 280,000 visitors per year.</p><br>
<p>The Jeita grotto contributes heavily to the public life of the region. MAPAS, the firm which runs the grotto, is an important employer and provides full-time jobs for around 115 local residents of Jeita (30% of which are female). In addition to employment, the Jeita caves contribute 5% of ticket fees to the local municipality, between 10 and 20% of general revenue to the Lebanese ministry of tourism, and an additional 10% of ticket fees along with the 10% VAT to the Lebanese ministry of Finance.</p><br>
<p>Moreover, the Jeita cave emits a spring with a flow ranging from 1–2 m/s, providing fresh drinking water for one-and-a-half million inhabitants of the capital, Beirut. However, water pollution, due to domestic and agricultural runoff, remains a serious concern as recent analysis detected an increasing presence of coliform bacteria.</p><br>
<h2>Awards</h2><br>
<p>In 2002, then French President Jacques Chirac, the United Nations World Tourism Organization and the World Bank accorded the top Sustainable Development in Tourism prize to MAPAS (the company that manages the site) at a summit dubbed “New Ties between Tourism and Culture” in Geneva.</p><br>
<p>In December 2003, on behalf of the Beirut-based private company MAPAS, Jeita received a prestigious award from the fifth Tourism Summits in Chamonix, France. "Les sommets du tourisme" recognized MAPAS’ efforts in restoring Lebanon’s important touristic sites.</p><br>
<p>The Jeita Grotto was a candidate for the New 7 Wonders of Nature competition. It was selected as one of 28 finalists and is the only cave to be selected among the nominees. The New7Wonders Foundation announced the new wonders of nature in 2011. Jeita was not on the list.</p><br>
<p>Other awards and certificates include:</p><br>
<p>2000 Certificate of Recognition from "Sukleen"-Lebanon for its sorting and recycling campaign.</p><br>
<p>2000 Appreciation from the Arab Musical Association".</p><br>
<p>1998 "Best Tourism Project" from the Lebanese Ministry of Tourism.</p><br>
<p>1997 International Environmental Award from the German Travel Association (DRV).</p><br>
<h2>Other names</h2><br>
<p>The name of the cave changed several times since its discovery. Initially referred to as the Grottoes of Nahr al-Kalb, it was subsequently known as Djaita, Jehita, and finally Jeita. Nahr al-Kalb is the name of the river that runs through the grottoes, while Jeita, meaning "roaring water" in Aramaic, is the town in which the cave&#39;s entrance is located. The transition from Grottoes of Nahr al-Kalb to Jeita Grottoes occurred in 1927 as newspapers widely used the latter name.</p><br>
<h2>Numismatics and philately</h2><br>
<p>In 1961, Jeita became a national symbol when Lebanese authorities issued a stamp featuring the lower cavern to promote national tourism. Mr. Maroun Hajj, the oarsman shown on the stamp, still leads boat tours forty years after the stamp was issued. The Jeita Grotto is also featured on the 1964 one Lira (Lebanese pound) verso.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Several scenes of the 1977 Hindi film Chandi Sona (starring Sanjay Khan and Parveen Babi) were shot at the site.</p><br>
<p>The Volga–Baltic Waterway, formerly known as the Mariinsk Canal System , is a series of canals and rivers in Russia which link the Volga River with the Baltic Sea via the Neva River. Its overall length between Cherepovets and Lake Onega is 368 km.</p><br>
<p>Originally constructed in the early 19th century, the system was rebuilt for larger vessels in the 1960s, becoming a part of the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia.</p><br>
<p>The original name "Mariinsky" is the credit to Empress Maria Feodorovna, the second wife of Emperor Paul I of Russia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After Peter the Great wrested the Gulf of Finland from Sweden, it was necessary to provide a secure means of river transport for Saint Petersburg on the Baltic with the Russian hinterland. The earliest Vyshny Volochyok canal system, completed by 1709, provided a connection of St. Petersburg on the Baltic to Lake Ladoga. However, the weather on Lake Ladoga frequently wrecked the barges leading to the ambitious project of the Ladoga Canals that followed the southern coast of Lake Ladoga.</p><br>
<p>Under Alexander I of Russia, the traditional waterway through Vychny Volochyok was complemented by the Tikhvin canal system (1811) and the Mariinsk canal system (1810), the latter becoming by far the most popular of the three.</p><br>
<p>The Mariinsk canal system was an outstanding monument of early 19th-century hydrotechnics, which proved to be of vital importance to the national economy. The system started in Rybinsk and passed through the Sheksna River, Lake Beloye (and Belozersky bypass canal), Kovzha River, the artificial Novomariinsky Canal, the Vytegra River to Lake Onega. Thereupon vessels sailed through the Onega Canal, the Svir River, the Ladoga Canal, and the Neva River to the Gulf of Finland.</p><br>
<p>In 1829, the Northern Dvina Canal was opened; it connects the Sheksna River (one of the Volga&#39;s tributaries) through the Kubenskoye Lake with the Northern Dvina, flowing into the White Sea. In the following decades, the system was further expanded: three more canals, Belozersky, Onezhsky, and Novoladozhsky, enabling smaller craft to bypass dangerous waters of the three big lakes (Beloye, Onega, and Ladoga), were inaugurated towards the end of the century.</p><br>
<p>Another connection was added in the 1930s, when the infamous White Sea – Baltic Canal was constructed by gulag prisoners at enormous human cost between Lake Onega and the White Sea.</p><br>
<p>In recent years, the Volga–Baltic Waterway has gained additional importance as a tourist route for boats sailing along the Silver Ring of Russia.</p><br>
<h2>Volga–Baltic Canal improvement</h2><br>
<p>In Soviet times, the Mariinsk canal system was constantly improved. Two locks were built on the Svir River (in 1936 and 1952); 3 locks were built on the Sheksna River. Major improvement of the Volga–Baltic Waterway took place in 1960–1964, and the new Volga–Baltic Waterway was opened on 5 June 1964. 39 old wooden locks were replaced with 7 new locks, and one parallel lock was built later in 1995. The locks&#39; limiting dimensions are 210 m long, 17.6 m wide and 4.2 m deep, allowing passage of river-sea ships of up to 5000 tons displacement. Such ships were able to sail directly across the big lakes instead of using the bypass canals. Typical travel time for Cherepovets – Saint Petersburg route decreased to 2.5–3 days from 10–15 days.</p><br>
<p>The new canal route sometimes follows the route of the old Mariinsk system and sometimes diverges from it. Six of the canal&#39;s eight locks are located along 35 km of the northern slope, with a total lift of 80 metres. The only 2 locks (parallel) on the southern slope, with a lift of 13 metres are located near Sheksna on the Sheksna River, 50 km upstream from Cherepovets. The canal route on the northern slope follows the Vytegra River flooded riverbed. The summit pond of the canal between Pakhomovo locks on Vytegra River and Sheksna Reservoir dam is 278 km long. It includes an artificial divide canal (40 km long), Kovzha River, Lake Beloye, and Sheksna River. The route of the southern slope follows the Sheksna River, where it is in the backwater area of Rybinsk Reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>Current developments</h2><br>
<p>The canal is actively used for oil and lumber export and as a river tourism route.</p><br>
<p>According to the Maritime Board (Morskaya Kollegiya) of the Russian Government, 17.6 million tons of cargo were carried over the Volga–Baltic Waterway in 2004, which is very close to the waterways maximum capacity. The Lower Svir Lock was one of the two busiest locks on Russias inland waterways (the other one was the Kochetov Lock on the lower Don River).</p><br>
<p>Ocean Beach is a long stretch of beach running north of Macquarie Heads and Hells Gates on the West Coast of Tasmania. It is close to Strahan and parallel to the Strahan Airport runway. It extends as far north as Trial Harbour and the coast immediately west of Zeehan.</p><br>
<p>Ocean Beach Road the main access road from Strahan, starts from a junction with Macquarie Heads Road just north of the Strahan airport.</p><br>
<p>Exposed to the ocean with no landmass at this longitude between it and South America, this beach can be exposed to extreme weather conditions. In serious weather it can have large extended lines of breakers, and a swell at the Cape Sorell Waverider Buoy at up to 20+ metres.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s the beach area was utilised by local gliding and soaring club members</p><br>
<p>The mist and spray from the surf can at times give the impression of fog.</p><br>
<p>Whale stranding frequently occurs along this stretch of the West Coast—and can be difficult to remedy due to the isolated location and low population numbers to assist in whale rescue.</p><br>
<p>It was also the name of a stopping place on the Strahan–Zeehan Railway which was on a part of the railway line where shifting sand dunes often affected the track.</p><br>
<p>Snake Pass is a hill pass in the Derbyshire section of the Peak District, crossing the Pennines between Glossop and the Ladybower Reservoir at Ashopton. The road was engineered by Thomas Telford and opened in 1821. The pass carries the A57 road between Manchester and Sheffield, but it is no longer the main signposted route between those two cities.</p><br>
<p>Like several other roads that cross the Pennines, Snake Pass has a poor accident record compared with roads in the UK generally, although more favourable compared with other roads in the area. It is regularly closed in winter because of snow, and has seen several longer-term closures owing to subsidence following heavy rain. The road remains a popular route for tourists and motorcycles, however, and sections have been used for semi-professional cycling races such as the Tour of Britain.</p><br>
<h2>Route and location</h2><br>
<p>Snake Pass runs through the National Trust&#39;s High Peak Estate, and lies within the High Peak borough of Derbyshire; much of it falls within the Hope Woodlands parish, the remainder being within the Charlesworth parish. It is part of the shortest route by road from Manchester to Sheffield.</p><br>
<p>The pass starts east of Glossop and climbs to the Pennines watershed between the moorland plateaux of Kinder Scout and Bleaklow to a high point of 1,680 ft above sea level, where it crosses the Pennine Way. After this, it passes a public house that used to be known as the Snake Inn, and descends through forest to the Ladybower Reservoir at Ashopton.</p><br>
<p>The name of the road matches its winding route, but actually derives from the emblem of the Snake Inn, one of the few buildings on the high stretch of road. In turn, the pub&#39;s name and sign were derived from the serpent on the Cavendish arms of William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first road between Glossop and Ashopton was the Doctor&#39;s Gate, a Roman Road that follows the Shelf Brook between Shelf Moor and Coldharbour Moor, a route popular today with walkers and mountain bikers. In 1932, an Iron Age axe thought to be more than 2,000 years old was found near the site of this road.</p><br>
<p>The current road further south was designed as a toll road by Thomas Telford to improve communications east of Glossop, which was expanding as an industrial town. It was originally called the Sheffield to Glossop Turnpike and run by a turnpike trust, the Sheffield and Glossop Trust. An act of parliament to build the road was passed in 1818, and construction was financed by the Duke of Norfolk and the Duke of Devonshire. The road opened in 1821, having cost £18,625 to build. The road was immediately popular and increased toll collections of traffic heading to Glossop. Tolls were abolished on the road in June 1870.</p><br>
<p>The eastern end of the pass is by the River Derwent. The river is bridged by the Ashopton Viaduct, built as part of the Ladybower Reservoir project between 1935 and 1945.</p><br>
<p>Although Snake Pass is still the shortest route between Manchester and Sheffield, the more northerly Woodhead Pass, which is less steep and at a lower altitude, is now the primary road link between the two cities. Unlike Snake Pass, the Woodhead route is a trunk road. Traffic levels on both passes remained similar until the 1980s, but the Woodhead Pass route is now favoured as it connects directly to the M1, while Snake Pass leads into the centre of Sheffield. Despite Sheffield and Manchester being among the largest UK cities by population, there is no direct motorway link between the two. A Manchester to Sheffield motorway was first proposed in 1966, and a small section bypassing Denton and Hyde has been built, now the M67. The Woodhead Tunnel was closed in 1981 in anticipation of a road replacement, but linking the cities would have meant constructing many costly tunnels and viaducts across the Peak District. Consequently, the plans were shelved, but reports in December 2014 announced a revival of the scheme.</p><br>
<p>The road remains popular with drivers. In 2008, a survey by Caterham Cars rated Snake Pass the best driving road in the UK. The following year, it was listed as one of the best roads for driving in Britain by Auto Trader magazine, who described it as "offering unparalleled views over Manchester".</p><br>
<h2>Safety</h2><br>
<p>As would be expected for a road crossing the Pennines, Snake Pass has several dangerous bends and blind summits. Like many roads in the North of England passing through similar terrain, Snake Pass has a poor safety record in comparison to other roads in the United Kingdom but it is not as dangerous as other roads bisecting hilly terrain in this part of England. It was not among the top 10 in a list of the most dangerous roads published in July 2010, despite nine of the top ten being in Northern England.</p><br>
<p>In 2012 Derbyshire Police announced a campaign to monitor motorcyclists using the pass, who are particularly at risk of being involved in a fatal accident.</p><br>
<h2>Weather</h2><br>
<p>In winter the road is often the first of the routes between Sheffield and Manchester to be closed following snow in the area. In bad storms the entire road over the summit, including marker poles, has been buried in snow. In the winter months the road becomes icy, but gritting is not a priority as the A57 is only a "secondary" road at this point. Local councils prefer to treat streets in towns that are more likely to be used, as they believe that roads such as Snake Pass will be closed anyway.</p><br>
<p>In 1924 Derbyshire County Council spent £2,000 installing underground telegraph wire cables beneath the road, as the above-ground installations were continually broken and disrupted following snowstorms. The British winter of 2010–11 was the coldest for decades and the road was closed on numerous occasions.</p><br>
<p>Snake Pass has also been closed for longer periods owing to subsidence in the local area following rain. In January 1932 the road was closed after 200 tonnes of debris fell on it during a heavy rainstorm, covering the surface in as much as 4 ft in places. In January 2008 a landslip at Cowms Moor following heavy rain caused the road to be closed to all traffic between Ladybower and Glossop, although access was still available to local premises and businesses including the Snake Pass Inn. A subsequent investigation by the British Geographical Survey showed the road has had a history of subsidence-related long-term closures dating back to the 1930s, including a 1970s project that attempted to strengthen the layer below the tarmac with local rock fill. The road reopened in February, but with temporary traffic lights at the point of the slip restricting traffic to one direction at a time. In 2012 the road had to be closed several times for resurfacing and strengthening.</p><br>
<h2>Cycling</h2><br>
<p>Snake Pass is a popular route for cyclists. A 1902 report on leisure cycling in the Lancashire Evening Post described the eastward journey from the summit to Ashopton as "nine miles unbroken freewheeling" and the scenery as "magnificent". The road is one of only a few road climbs in the UK that are comparable in length and average gradient (approximately 7 per cent for around 3.2 mi when starting in Glossop) to those used in continental cycle racing. The road had been part of an 82-mile "Tour of the Peak" race, involving climbing the pass twice, and has frequently featured in the Tour of Britain along with another nearby favourite, Holme Moss.</p><br>
<p>Cycling Time Trials sanctioned hill climbs are regularly promoted on this course by local club Glossop Kinder Velo. The record for completing the course was set by Tejvan Pettinger in 2014, at 11 minutes 51 seconds.</p><br>
<h2>Media</h2><br>
<p>Snake Pass has been referred to several times by music groups. The track "The Snake" by Sheffield band the Human League, from their 2001 album Secrets, is about the road. The Squarepusher album Selection Sixteen features a track entitled "Snake Pass", described by Rolling Stone as a "monomaniacal thump".</p><br>
<p>Comic character John Shuttleworth has performed a song called "Incident on Snake Pass" about the perils of Snake Pass, relating to an accident he claimed to have had, driving a Ford Anglia on the road.</p><br>
<p>Parsonsfield Seminary, which operated from 1832-1949, was a well-known Free Will Baptist school in North Parsonsfield, Maine, in the United States. Also known as the North Parsonsfield Seminary, its preserved campus of four buildings is located on State Route 160 near the New Hampshire border. The property is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Free Will Baptists developed as a movement in the late eighteenth century in New Hampshire. In 1832 Rev. John Buzzell and several other Free Baptists founded the school in Parsonsfield. The Seminary, at the level of a high school, was the first Free Will Baptist school in the United States and attracted 140 students, both boys and girls, in its first year. The seminary&#39;s first principal, Hosea Quimby, was active in many other Free Will Baptist organizations. The Seminary staff and students became deeply involved with the abolitionist movement and operated as a stop on the Underground Railroad in the 1840s, while Oren B. Cheney was principal. Students and supporters aided fugitive slaves from the South in reaching freedom in Canada. From 1840 to 1842, the Free Baptist Biblical School, the first Free Baptist graduate school for training ministers, was located at the seminary (it was later renamed Cobb Divinity School and became part of Bates College).</p><br>
<h3>The burning of Parsonsfield</h3><br>
<p>Parsonsfield Seminary burned mysteriously in 1853, at midnight. The overall account of the burning remains unclear with sources varying on the actual occurrences. When recounting its burning, Oren Burbank Cheney, stated, "the bell tower flickered in flames while the children ran from its pillar-brick walls." The fire was believed to have killed three school children, and two fugitive slaves, leading to a brief and unsuccessful investigation. The reason as to why the Seminary burned down remains unclear, with opponents of abolitionism traditionally, but not definitively, held accountable. The seminary would later go on to incorporate into the Maine State Seminary, to which early benefactor Benjamin Bates, would oppose. He advised Cheney to sell the land in Parsonsfield, Maine and reconstruct it within the newly-developing Maine State Seminary. Afterward, Cheney moved the central campus to Lewiston in 1854 to replace it with a larger Free Baptist school more centrally located in Maine.</p><br>
<h3>Reconstruction and development</h3><br>
<p>In 1857 a smaller seminary building was rebuilt at Parsonsfield. It had a cupola and weathervane. In 1889, Bartlett Doe, a wealthy San Francisco businessman who was a Parsonsfield native son, purchased the land, and donated funds to repair and remodel Seminary Hall, adding its rear wing and front bell tower. His gift provided for the construction of a new dormitory, to which a large annex was added in 1896. He also established a school endowment of $100,000.</p><br>
<p>Parsonsfield Seminary closed in 1949. The facility was subsequently used by the Consolidated School District until 1986, at which time the school offices moved to new quarters. The two main buildings of the seminary and grounds were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. To prevent loss of the historic hilltop campus, the Friends of the Parsonsfield Seminary organized to preserve and maintain the property. The non-profit, non-sectarian organization operates the handsome Victorian buildings and grounds for use for weddings, conferences, seminars and graduations.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Oren B. Cheney, abolitionist, principal of Parsonfield Seminary, founder of Bates College</p><br>
<p>Person C. Cheney, senator from New Hampshire</p><br>
<p>Samuel W. Gould, congressman</p><br>
<p>Lorenzo De Medici Sweat, congressman</p><br>
<p>Bute Inlet is one of the principal inlets of the British Columbia Coast. It is 80 km long from the estuaries of the Homathko and Southgate Rivers at the head of the inlet, to the mouth, where it is nearly blocked by Stuart Island, and it averages about 4 km in width. Bute Inlet is in a spectacular wilderness setting and is one of the most scenic waterways in the world. In the upper reaches of the inlet mountains rise 9000 feet above sea level. Bute Inlet is a spectacular wilderness that is visited by very few people. In more recent years tourists are travelling from around the world to view grizzly bears in a natural setting and explore the wilderness of Bute Inlet.</p><br>
<h2>Name origin</h2><br>
<p>Bute Inlet took its name from John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute who was Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1762 to 1763. His grandson Charles Stuart was a masters mate on Vancouvers Discovery.</p><br>
<h2>Waddington's Road and the Chilcotin War of 1864</h2><br>
<p>Bute Inlet had an interesting role in the early history of the Colony of British Columbia. Entrepreneur Alfred Waddington sought to build a route to the Cariboo goldfields that was shorter and easier than the existing routes via the Fraser Canyon and the Douglas Road. In competition with the projected Cariboo Wagon Road, still under construction at that time, Waddington got a license from the colonial government to undertake the construction of a wagon road from the head of Bute Inlet via the Homathko River to the Chilcotin Plateau, thence east across the Fraser to the Cariboo Goldfields. The plan was that steamers from Victoria would voyage to the head of the inlet, and travellers would take what was to be a toll road overland from there. He was granted a townsite at the head of the inlet (still on maps as Port Waddington but as nothing more than a land survey) and commenced construction up the Grand Canyon of the Homathko from there.</p><br>
<p>Conflict with warriors of the Tsilhqotin Nation quickly ensued when Waddingtons foreman threatened smallpox on the warriors, who had been working as labourers due to famine in their country, which is over the mountains on the inland side of the range. Discussing his threats that night, the warriors, led by Klatsassin of the Xeni Gwetin of Nemaia Valley near Chilko Lake, rose up and slaughtered Waddingtons work party. Three men escaped and made it to civilization despite severe injuries. As a result of their reports, expeditions were launched by troops from Victoria and a posse of volunteers from the Cariboo and a long bait-and-wait game ensued known to history as the Chilcotin War of 1864. It ended with the surrender on terms of amnesty by Klatsassin, who was betrayed and hung at Quesnellemouthe (near modern-day Quesnel).</p><br>
<h2>Proposed Canadian Pacific Railway route</h2><br>
<p>The Bute Inlet route was later considered for the mainline of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which would have seen extensive blasting down the west shore of the inlet and a series of bridges to reach Vancouver Island near Campbell River via Seymour Narrows. This route was passed over in favour of the Fraser Canyon route to a new port-city at Burrard Inlet, which was to become the city of Port Moody, British Columbia. The residual political impact of the Chilcotin War was one factor dissuading the CPR from using Bute Inlet; the other was the severe grades required in the Canyon of the River in order to reach the elevation of the Chilcotin Plateau on the inland side of the Coast Range, as well as the cost of blasting along the inlet and the deepwater bridges needed below it.</p><br>
<h2>Political geography</h2><br>
<p>Bute Inlet is located in the Coast Land District, Range 1 and is part of the Sunshine Coast Forest District of the Coast Forest Region, which is headquartered in Powell River, and the Lower Mainland Ministry of Environment Region, headquartered in Surrey. It is also within the mainland portion of the Strathcona Regional District, which has only municipal powers such as sewage and building permits on non-Indian Reserve lands in rural areas. The inlet lies in the overlapping traditional territories and land claims of the Homalco, Klahoose, Kwiakah and We Wai Kai First Nations.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Bute Inlet in British Columbia is a classic fjord formation formed during the Holocene by glacial erosion. Bute Inlet is one of the deepest fjords in British</p><br>
<p>Columbia with its depth of 660 metres, with a sill of 220 metres. The majority of freshwater entering the inlet, ~95%, is supplied by the Homathko river and the Southgate river at the head of the fjord. An underwater channel system is incised in the fjord basin sediments which carries sediment to the fjord.</p><br>
